{"id":888,"date":"2026-04-07T12:41:30","date_gmt":"2026-04-07T12:41:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.viz-tools.com\/vn\/uml-timing-diagram-symbols-explained\/"},"modified":"2026-04-07T12:41:30","modified_gmt":"2026-04-07T12:41:30","slug":"uml-timing-diagram-symbols-explained","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.viz-tools.com\/vn\/uml-timing-diagram-symbols-explained\/","title":{"rendered":"Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n: M\u1ed7i k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian UML v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3"},"content":{"rendered":"

Hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. Trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t (UML), s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt nh\u1edd kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n h\u00e0nh vi ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o th\u1eddi gian. Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 kh\u00e1c t\u1eadp trung ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu v\u00e0o c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ho\u1eb7c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c t\u0129nh, g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0y ghi l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 theo th\u1eddi gian gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p ph\u00e2n t\u00edch chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 t\u1eebng k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian UML, gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

Khi c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c, ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m nh\u00fang ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a th\u1eddi gian l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u then ch\u1ed1t. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng theo m\u1ed9t tr\u1ee5c th\u1eddi gian. N\u00f3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c khi n\u00e0o m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thay \u0111\u1ed5i, thao t\u00e1c m\u1ea5t bao l\u00e2u, v\u00e0 li\u1ec7u c\u00e1c m\u1ed1c th\u1eddi gian c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng hay kh\u00f4ng. T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y ph\u00e2n t\u00edch chi ti\u1ebft c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o giao ti\u1ebfp r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

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\"Cartoon<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian \u2699\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u1eebng k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u ri\u00eang l\u1ebb, \u0111i\u1ec1u thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t m\u00e0 ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ebd l\u00ean. B\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c tu\u00e2n theo m\u1ed9t quy \u01b0\u1edbc chu\u1ea9n, gi\u00fap vi\u1ec7c di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n trong c\u00e1c b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n

    \n
  • Tr\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ee9ng (\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng):<\/strong>Bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u1eb7c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t.<\/li>\n
  • Tr\u1ee5c ngang (Th\u1eddi gian):<\/strong>Bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi gian, di chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb tr\u00e1i sang ph\u1ea3i.<\/li>\n
  • C\u00e1c m\u1ea3nh tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i:<\/strong>C\u00e1c h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng, bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n.<\/li>\n
  • Tin nh\u1eafn:<\/strong>C\u00e1c m\u0169i t\u00ean th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    H\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 then ch\u1ed1t. Th\u1eddi gian ch\u1ea3y theo chi\u1ec1u ngang, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y v\u1edbi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1, n\u01a1i th\u1eddi gian ch\u1ea3y theo chi\u1ec1u d\u1ecdc. S\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n ngang n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p ghi ch\u00fa r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

    \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng: N\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi gian \u23f3<\/h2>\n

    \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ef1a cho s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3. N\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean duy nh\u1ea5t trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c. Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh th\u1eddi gian, th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean n\u00e0y t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t tr\u1ee5c th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb.<\/p>\n

    \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng<\/h3>\n
      \n
    • T\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i:<\/strong>N\u00f3 cho th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n.<\/li>\n
    • V\u1ecb tr\u00ed:<\/strong>\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t \u1edf tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng, t\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y.<\/li>\n
    • T\u00ednh li\u00ean t\u1ee5c:<\/strong>\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00e9o d\u00e0i tr\u1eeb khi \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y ho\u1eb7c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf kh\u1ecfi ph\u1ea1m vi quan s\u00e1t.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1, n\u01a1i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ebd b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e9t \u0111\u1ee9t n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian ng\u1ee5 \u00fd ph\u1ea1m vi quan s\u00e1t. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng cho th\u1ea5y k\u1ebft th\u00fac kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian quan s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y.<\/p>\n

      Tr\u1ee5c th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 thang \u0111o \ud83d\udccf<\/h2>\n

      Tr\u1ee5c ngang x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh chi\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng gian theo th\u1eddi gian. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ebd nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n th\u1eddi gian l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho logic c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3.<\/p>\n

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      • H\u01b0\u1edbng:<\/strong>Th\u1eddi gian lu\u00f4n di chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb tr\u00e1i sang ph\u1ea3i.<\/li>\n
      • Thang \u0111o:<\/strong>\u0110\u01a1n v\u1ecb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 t\u00f9y \u00fd (c\u00e1c v\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u) ho\u1eb7c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 (mili gi\u00e2y, gi\u00e2y), t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n
      • C\u00e1c d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u:<\/strong>C\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e9t \u0111\u1ee9t \u0111\u1ee9ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u c\u00e1c th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1ng quan t\u00e2m.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        Khi \u0111\u1ecdc bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3, kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n tr\u00ean tr\u1ee5c ngang \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho th\u1eddi gian k\u00e9o d\u00e0i. Kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng gi\u1eefa hai s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n ng\u1ee5 \u00fd m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian kh\u00f4ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n. Kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch tr\u1ef1c quan n\u00e0y gi\u00fap c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ngh\u1ebdn ho\u1eb7c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

        C\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \ud83d\udfe6<\/h2>\n

        \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c h\u1ed9p tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i d\u1ecdc theo c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eddi. Nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng theo th\u1eddi gian.<\/p>\n

        H\u1ed9p tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/h3>\n

        \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ebd tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eddi. Ch\u00fang cho bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111ang \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

          \n
        • Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111ang th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c \u0111ang ch\u1edd k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3.<\/li>\n
        • Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111ang \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ch\u1edd ho\u1eb7c \u0111ang ch\u1edd m\u1ed9t t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.<\/li>\n
        • Th\u1eddi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng:<\/strong> Chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ed9p t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0nh cho tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          C\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 ra b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e0u s\u1eafc ho\u1eb7c ki\u1ec3u d\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ed9p. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4 m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u01b0u ti\u00ean cao, trong khi h\u1ed9p kh\u00f4ng t\u00f4 m\u00e0u cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ea1y n\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n

          C\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c<\/h3>\n

          C\u00e1c nh\u00e3n v\u0103n b\u1ea3n b\u00ean trong ho\u1eb7c g\u1ea7n c\u00e1c h\u1ed9p tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u th\u1ee9c logic ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t.<\/p>\n

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          • V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/strong> [Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 > 50C]<\/em> cho bi\u1ebft h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1ec9 \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec7t khi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n.<\/li>\n
          • R\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c th\u1eddi gian:<\/strong> V\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c m\u1ed1c th\u1eddi gian, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0[<= 10ms]<\/em>, cho bi\u1ebft th\u1eddi gian t\u1ed1i \u0111a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p cho m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            C\u00e1c thanh k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb th\u1ef1c thi \ud83d\udcca<\/h2>\n

            Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb th\u1ef1c thi trong bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1, bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c thanh k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb khi n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111ang b\u1eadn. Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh th\u1eddi gian, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0i th\u1eddi gian.<\/p>\n

            Bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n tr\u1ef1c quan<\/h3>\n

            M\u1ed9t thanh k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt m\u1ecfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eddi. N\u00f3 l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd.<\/p>\n

              \n
            • Ch\u1ec9 b\u00e1o b\u1eadn:<\/strong> Cho th\u1ea5y h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111ang b\u1eadn v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/li>\n
            • \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi:<\/strong> Nhi\u1ec1u thanh k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n x\u1eed l\u00fd song song.<\/li>\n
            • Tr\u00f9ng l\u1ea5n:<\/strong> C\u00e1c thanh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00f9ng l\u1ea5n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi h\u1ed9p tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/h3>\n

              R\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng khi ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa h\u1ed9p tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u00e0 thanh k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t. H\u1ed9p tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 *tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i* c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u201c\u0110\u00e3 kh\u00f3a\u201d), trong khi thanh k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 *h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng* \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u201c\u0110ang x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u\u201d). Th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec thanh k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t n\u1eb1m b\u00ean trong h\u1ed9p tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i, cho th\u1ea5y h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra trong khi \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eabn duy tr\u00ec tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

              Tin nh\u1eafn v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \ud83d\udcac<\/h2>\n

              C\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c m\u0169i t\u00ean. Trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian, c\u00e1c m\u0169i t\u00ean n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1eb1m ngang ho\u1eb7c ch\u00e9o, c\u1eaft qua tr\u1ee5c th\u1eddi gian.<\/p>\n

              T\u00edn hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 l\u1eddi g\u1ecdi<\/h3>\n
                \n
              • M\u0169i t\u00ean li\u1ec1n:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi g\u1ecdi ho\u1eb7c tin nh\u1eafn \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eedi ch\u1edd ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i.<\/li>\n
              • M\u0169i t\u00ean h\u1edf:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eedi kh\u00f4ng ch\u1edd ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i.<\/li>\n
              • M\u0169i t\u00ean tr\u1ea3 v\u1ec1:<\/strong> Ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i \u0111ang quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eedi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                \u0110i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n<\/h3>\n

                C\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 trong th\u1eddi gian khi \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 quan tr\u1ecdng x\u1ea3y ra. Ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n nh\u1ecf ho\u1eb7c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1i giao \u0111i\u1ec3m gi\u1eefa m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tin nh\u1eafn.<\/p>\n

                  \n
                • K\u00edch ho\u1ea1t:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i.<\/li>\n
                • X\u1ea3y ra:<\/strong> S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t sinh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                  Gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n \u23f1\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

                  S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc trong vi\u1ec7c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n

                  Gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n th\u1eddi gian k\u00e9o d\u00e0i<\/h3>\n

                  Ch\u00fang x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1eddi gian t\u1ed1i \u0111a ho\u1eb7c t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p cho m\u1ed9t thao t\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

                    \n
                  • Th\u1eddi gian t\u1ed1i \u0111a:<\/strong> Th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u b\u1eb1ng d\u1ea5u ngo\u1eb7c nh\u01b0 “[t\u1ed1i \u0111a: 50ms]<\/em>.<\/li>\n
                  • Th\u1eddi gian t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u:<\/strong> \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u b\u1eb1ng [t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u: 20ms]<\/em>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                    C\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian<\/h3>\n

                    Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian gi\u1eefa hai s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

                      \n
                    • Kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch:<\/strong> Kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian gi\u1eefa th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m k\u1ebft th\u00fac m\u1ed9t tin nh\u1eafn v\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u tin nh\u1eafn kh\u00e1c.<\/li>\n
                    • C\u1eeda s\u1ed5:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 trong \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3i x\u1ea3y ra.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                      B\u1ea3ng tra c\u1ee9u k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u \ud83d\udccb<\/h2>\n

                      \u0110\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 tra c\u1ee9u nhanh, b\u1ea3ng sau t\u00f3m t\u1eaft c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian UML.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
                      T\u00ean k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u<\/th>\nM\u00f4 t\u1ea3 tr\u1ef1c quan<\/th>\n\u00dd ngh\u0129a<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
                      D\u00e2y \u0111\u1eddi<\/td>\n\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng k\u00e9o d\u00e0i t\u1eeb t\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/td>\nBi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia theo th\u1eddi gian<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                      H\u1ed9p tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/td>\nH\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt tr\u00ean d\u00e2y \u0111\u1eddi<\/td>\n\u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111ang \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                      Thanh k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t<\/td>\nH\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt m\u1ecfng tr\u00ean d\u00e2y \u0111\u1eddi<\/td>\n\u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111ang b\u1eadn th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t thao t\u00e1c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                      Tr\u1ee5c th\u1eddi gian<\/td>\n\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng n\u1eb1m ngang \u1edf tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng<\/td>\nS\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi gian (t\u1eeb tr\u00e1i sang ph\u1ea3i)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                      Tin nh\u1eafn \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9<\/td>\nM\u0169i t\u00ean li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u m\u0169i t\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4 \u0111\u1ea7y<\/td>\nL\u1eddi g\u1ecdi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                      Tin nh\u1eafn b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9<\/td>\n\u0110\u1ea7u m\u0169i t\u00ean h\u1edf<\/td>\nT\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eedi m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1edd ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                      R\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c th\u1eddi gian<\/td>\nNh\u00e3n v\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u00f3 d\u1ea5u ngo\u1eb7c vu\u00f4ng<\/td>\nY\u00eau c\u1ea7u gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n th\u1eddi gian ho\u1eb7c th\u1eddi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                      \u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n<\/td>\nNh\u00e3n v\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u00f3 d\u1ea5u ngo\u1eb7c nh\u1ecdn<\/td>\nBi\u1ec3u th\u1ee9c logic c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c minh t\u00ednh h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

                      \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi v\u00e0 song song \u26a1<\/h2>\n

                      M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian l\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi. Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1, th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c theo m\u1ed9t lu\u1ed3ng duy nh\u1ea5t, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh song song.<\/p>\n

                      C\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eddi song song<\/h3>\n

                      Khi nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eddi c\u00f3 c\u00e1c thanh k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t \u1edf c\u00f9ng v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ngang, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c thi \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u1ea3i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 xung \u0111\u1ed9t t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean.<\/p>\n

                        \n
                      • Xung \u0111\u1ed9t t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean:<\/strong> N\u1ebfu hai qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u00f9ng c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0o c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean v\u00e0o c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ebd ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 c\u00e1c xung \u0111\u1ed9t ti\u1ec1m t\u00e0ng.<\/li>\n
                      • Ch\u1ebft m\u00e1y:<\/strong> C\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ch\u1edd ch\u1ed3ng ch\u00e9o l\u00ean nhau c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho th\u1ea5y n\u01a1i x\u1ea3y ra ch\u1ebft m\u00e1y.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                        Xen k\u1ebd<\/h3>\n

                        C\u00e1c t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb xen k\u1ebd. M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c v\u1ee5, t\u1ea1m d\u1eebng, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c, r\u1ed3i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ed3ng ch\u00e9o n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

                        Th\u1eddi gian so v\u1edbi tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1: Nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t ch\u00ednh \u2696\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

                        M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u1ea3 hai s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1u m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c, nh\u01b0ng tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. S\u1ef1 nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn gi\u1eefa hai lo\u1ea1i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn sai s\u00f3t trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n

                          \n
                        • Tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1:<\/strong> Th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tin nh\u1eafn v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u1ee5 \u00fd nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/li>\n
                        • Tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian:<\/strong> Th\u1eddi gian tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i, th\u1eddi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n. Th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 y\u1ebfu so v\u1edbi l\u1ecbch tr\u00ecnh theo th\u1eddi gian.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                          S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u g\u00ec<\/em>x\u1ea3y ra. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u khi n\u00e0o<\/em>n\u00f3 x\u1ea3y ra v\u00e0 trong bao l\u00e2ubao l\u00e2u<\/em>.<\/p>\n

                          \u0110\u1ecdc s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \ud83d\udcd6<\/h2>\n

                          Vi\u1ec7c di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh b\u1ecf s\u00f3t c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n

                          Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc<\/h3>\n
                            \n
                          1. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n:<\/strong>H\u00e3y nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o ph\u1ea7n tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 xem nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0o tham gia.<\/li>\n
                          2. Qu\u00e9t tr\u1ee5c th\u1eddi gian:<\/strong>Ghi ch\u00fa thang \u0111o v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng. \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o b\u1ea1n hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u0111o.<\/li>\n
                          3. Theo d\u00f5i c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eddi:<\/strong>Theo d\u00f5i t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb tr\u00e1i sang ph\u1ea3i.<\/li>\n
                          4. Ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1c thanh k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t:<\/strong>X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng cao ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb ch\u1eb7n.<\/li>\n
                          5. Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c:<\/strong>T\u00ecm c\u00e1c tin nh\u1eafn v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 ghi ch\u00fa th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/li>\n
                          6. X\u00e1c minh c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c:<\/strong>Ki\u1ec3m tra xem c\u00f3 nh\u00e3n v\u0103n b\u1ea3n n\u00e0o ch\u1ec9 ra gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n th\u1eddi gian hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                            Nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/h3>\n
                              \n
                            • B\u1ecf qua kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng:<\/strong>Kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng tr\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean d\u00f2ng th\u1eddi gian kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1eafng; n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 ho\u1eb7c th\u1eddi gian ch\u1edd.<\/li>\n
                            • Tr\u1ed9n l\u1eabn c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i:<\/strong>Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed9n l\u1eabn c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u1edbi lu\u1ed3ng tin nh\u1eafn m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/li>\n
                            • Thang \u0111o kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng:<\/strong>Lu\u00f4n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                              \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c \ud83d\udda5\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

                              Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb trong c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c m\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 then ch\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n

                              H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u00fang<\/h3>\n

                              Trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u00fang, c\u00e1c vi \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i trong nh\u1eefng khung th\u1eddi gian nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian gi\u00fap x\u00e1c minh xem m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c m\u1ed1c th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi tri\u1ec3n khai hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

                              Vi\u1ec5n th\u00f4ng<\/h3>\n

                              C\u00e1c giao th\u1ee9c m\u1ea1ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o th\u1eddi gian ch\u1edd v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch truy\u1ec1n l\u1ea1i. Vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y gi\u00fap c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t m\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n

                              \u0110i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n \u00f4 t\u00f4<\/h3>\n

                              H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng phanh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o t\u1eeb c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u00fang v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

                              C\u00e1c Th\u1ef1c Ti\u1ec5n T\u1ed1t Nh\u1ea5t cho M\u00f4 H\u00ecnh H\u00f3a \u2b50<\/h2>\n

                              \u0110\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 h\u1eefu \u00edch, h\u00e3y tu\u00e2n theo c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y khi t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

                                \n
                              • Gi\u1eef \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n:<\/strong>Tr\u00e1nh l\u00e0m qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1edbi qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng. Chia c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 con.<\/li>\n
                              • K\u00fd hi\u1ec7u nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n:<\/strong>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n cho tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u00e0 tin nh\u1eafn \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ecdc.<\/li>\n
                              • Ghi nh\u00e3n m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9:<\/strong>M\u1ecdi tin nh\u1eafn v\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 nh\u00e3n m\u00f4 t\u1ea3.<\/li>\n
                              • T\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i quan tr\u1ecdng:<\/strong>Nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c an to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                K\u00fd hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 M\u1edf r\u1ed9ng N\u00e2ng Cao \ud83d\udd0d<\/h2>\n

                                UML ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n cung c\u1ea5p n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

                                Bi\u1ec3u th\u1ee9c Th\u1eddi gian<\/h3>\n

                                C\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u th\u1ee9c to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c th\u1eddi gian. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, t = 2 * x + 5<\/em>c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

                                T\u00edch h\u1ee3p M\u00e1y tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/h3>\n

                                C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u00e1y tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p m\u1ed9t thay \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i trong ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 xem th\u1eddi gian k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i trong ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 xem m\u00e1y tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i.<\/p>\n

                                K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 T\u00ednh H\u1eefu D\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a K\u00fd Hi\u1ec7u \ud83c\udfaf<\/h2>\n

                                Th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian UML l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 hi\u1ec3u th\u1eddi gian nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean. M\u1ed7i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, h\u1ed9p v\u00e0 m\u0169i t\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u mang \u00fd ngh\u0129a li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 th\u1eddi gian, c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. S\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng do c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y mang l\u1ea1i gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n trong su\u1ed1t v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

                                C\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb v\u1ef1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean th\u1eddi gian. D\u00f9 \u0111ang ph\u00e2n t\u00edch m\u1ed9t chu k\u1ef3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u-\u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n hay m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c \u0111a lu\u1ed3ng, c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc v\u1eabn nh\u01b0 nhau. Th\u1eddi gian l\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00f3.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                                Hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. Trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t (UML),…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":889,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch C\u00e1c K\u00fd Hi\u1ec7u S\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed3 Th\u1eddi Gian UML \ud83d\udd52","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u s\u00e2u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian UML. H\u1ecdc c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng, thanh k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1eddi th\u1eeba.","fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[39,43],"class_list":["post-888","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-unified-modeling-language","tag-academic","tag-timing-diagram"],"yoast_head":"\nGi\u1ea3i th\u00edch C\u00e1c K\u00fd Hi\u1ec7u S\u01a1 \u0110\u1ed3 Th\u1eddi Gian UML \ud83d\udd52<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u s\u00e2u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian UML. H\u1ecdc c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng, thanh k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. 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