{"id":612,"date":"2026-04-02T14:35:30","date_gmt":"2026-04-02T14:35:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.viz-tools.com\/vi\/troubleshooting-uml-timing-diagrams-model-behavior\/"},"modified":"2026-04-02T14:35:30","modified_gmt":"2026-04-02T14:35:30","slug":"troubleshooting-uml-timing-diagrams-model-behavior","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.viz-tools.com\/vi\/troubleshooting-uml-timing-diagrams-model-behavior\/","title":{"rendered":"Kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 trong c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian UML: \u0110i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m khi h\u00e0nh vi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh"},"content":{"rendered":"

Khi kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c thi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbic\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian UML<\/strong>, \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf cho c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c th\u1eddi gian. Nh\u1eefng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00e0nh x\u1eed theo th\u1eddi gian, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u1eadn tin nh\u1eafn v\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i. Tuy nhi\u00ean, s\u1ef1 sai l\u1ec7ch th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ea3y ra trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tri\u1ec3n khai. M\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh. S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ea1nh tranh, b\u1ecf l\u1ee1 th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c c\u00e1c b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian. Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh th\u1eddi gian, c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 l\u1ec7ch h\u00e0nh vi, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 h\u00f3a c\u00e1cr\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c th\u1eddi gian<\/strong>v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u1ea3i. H\u00e3y c\u00f9ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i v\u00e0 n\u01a1i m\u00e0 l\u1ed7i th\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t.<\/p>\n

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\"Line<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

\ud83d\uded1 Kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c thi<\/h2>\n

C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian UML l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u1eadt l\u00fd ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p th\u00e0nh logic tr\u1ef1c quan. M\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng: \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 m\u1ea1ng b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng, chu k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng truy c\u1eadp t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean t\u1ee9c th\u00ec. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf hi\u1ebfm khi tu\u00e2n theo nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y. Khi b\u1ea1n chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb giai \u0111o\u1ea1nthi\u1ebft k\u1ebf<\/em>sanggiai \u0111o\u1ea1n tri\u1ec3n khai<\/em>, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec5u.<\/p>\n

    \n
  • S\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn thi\u00ean ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng:<\/strong>C\u00e1c b\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd kh\u00e1c nhau th\u1ef1c thi l\u1ec7nh v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/li>\n
  • S\u1ef1 dao \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1ng:<\/strong>Th\u1eddi gian giao g\u00f3i tin thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n.<\/li>\n
  • C\u1ea1nh tranh t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean:<\/strong>B\u1ed9 nh\u1edb chia s\u1ebb ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c l\u00f5i CPU g\u00e2y ra \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n khi x\u00e9t ri\u00eang l\u1ebb.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Khi h\u00e0nh vi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1nkh\u00f4ng kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh<\/strong>, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 do m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y. Vi\u1ec7c kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft sang x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m. B\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i coi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u t\u0129nh, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra li\u00ean t\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n

    \ud83d\udd0d Hi\u1ec3u ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian<\/h2>\n

    Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi s\u1eeda l\u1ed7i, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian. Nh\u1eefng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 nh\u1edd nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh tr\u1ee5c th\u1eddi gian. Tr\u1ee5c ngang \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho th\u1eddi gian, trong khi tr\u1ee5c d\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n choc\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng<\/strong>c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u1eb7c ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh tham gia.<\/p>\n

    1. C\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 tr\u1ee5c th\u1eddi gian<\/h3>\n

    C\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 tham gia t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c. Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh th\u1eddi gian, m\u1ed7i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 ho\u1eb7c tham chi\u1ebfu th\u1eddi gian x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh. N\u1ebfu hai \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 kh\u00e1c nhau, s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t sinh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 h\u00f3a. B\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb th\u1eddi gian nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n tr\u00ean to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3. Vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ed9n l\u1eabn mili gi\u00e2y v\u1edbi chu k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn sai s\u00f3t t\u00ednh to\u00e1n.<\/p>\n

    2. C\u00e1c thanh k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t<\/h3>\n

    C\u00e1c thanh k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t cho bi\u1ebft khi n\u00e0o m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111ang th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u00edch c\u1ef1c. Trong c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian, th\u1eddi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c thanh n\u00e0y l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 then ch\u1ed1t. N\u1ebfu m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng k\u00e9o d\u00e0i 5ms, nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng m\u1ea5t 10ms, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ebd th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. B\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n x\u00e1c minh th\u1eddi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i thanh k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t so v\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c thi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed1i m\u00e3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n

    3. \u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n<\/h3>\n

    C\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n tr\u00ean tr\u1ee5c th\u1eddi gian x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh khi n\u00e0o m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p. Ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0[t > 100]<\/code>. N\u1ebfu m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng t\u1ea1i t=100, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn n\u00f3 t\u1ea1i t=105, c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n ti\u1ebfp theo s\u1ebd b\u1ecb tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n. S\u1ef1 tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 lan truy\u1ec1n, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c.<\/p>\n

    4. Tin nh\u1eafn v\u00e0 t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u<\/h3>\n

    Tin nh\u1eafn l\u00e0 c\u00e1c k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t chuy\u1ec3n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1eeb tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i n\u00e0y sang tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i kh\u00e1c. Trong c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian, th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a tin nh\u1eafn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. Vi\u1ec7c kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 th\u01b0\u1eddng bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c \u0111o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf so v\u1edbi th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00e3 l\u00ean l\u1ecbch. N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c tin nh\u1eafn \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1, logic c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7.<\/p>\n

    \u26a0\ufe0f C\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn g\u00e2y sai l\u1ec7ch h\u00e0nh vi<\/h2>\n

    X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 sai l\u1ec7ch v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong vi\u1ec7c kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1. C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng nh\u00f3m l\u1ed7i c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean x\u1ea3y ra. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Lo\u1ea1i<\/strong><\/th>\nM\u00f4 t\u1ea3<\/strong><\/th>\nT\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/strong><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
    Ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3<\/strong><\/td>\nS\u1ef1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/td>\nS\u1ef1 m\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh song song.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5<\/strong><\/td>\nGi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 m\u1ea1ng ho\u1eb7c bus l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/td>\nC\u00e1c l\u1ed7i b\u1ecf l\u1ee1 th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n v\u00e0 h\u1ebft th\u1eddi gian ch\u1edd.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi<\/strong><\/td>\nNhi\u1ec1u lu\u1ed3ng truy c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi v\u00e0o c\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean chung.<\/td>\nCh\u1ebft m\u00e1y ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ea1nh tranh.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean<\/strong><\/td>\nCPU ho\u1eb7c b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 cho nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7.<\/td>\nTh\u1ef1c thi b\u1ecb tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c thanh k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    B\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/strong><\/td>\nTr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian.<\/td>\nChuy\u1ec3n tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i sai khi kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ea1i.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n

    Chuy\u1ec3n mi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3<\/h3>\n

    M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u1ea5p th\u1ea5p l\u00e0chuy\u1ec3n mi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3<\/strong>. N\u1ebfu h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3, c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian ph\u1ea3i m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9. N\u1ebfu m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3, nh\u01b0ng tri\u1ec3n khai s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c mi\u1ec1n ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t, c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c th\u1eddi gian s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean v\u00f4 ngh\u0129a. B\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 do b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 g\u00e2y ra.<\/p>\n

    Th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 tin nh\u1eafn<\/h3>\n

    S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian th\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u1ee5 \u00fd m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, c\u00e1c g\u00f3i m\u1ea1ng ho\u1eb7c tin nh\u1eafn gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1. N\u1ebfu m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh tin nh\u1eafn A \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1edbc tin nh\u1eafn B, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c B tr\u01b0\u1edbc, lu\u1ed3ng logic s\u1ebd b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 n\u01a1i m\u00e0cam k\u1ebft giao h\u00e0ng<\/strong> kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c thi.<\/p>\n

    \u0110\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 kh\u00f4ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/h3>\n

    M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u00e0nh vi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u1ed1n d\u0129 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh. Thu gom r\u00e1c, thay \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb \u1ea3o v\u00e0 c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n l\u1eadp l\u1ecbch t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng. N\u1ebfu s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u1eddi gian c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh cho c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh s\u1ebd th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i trong ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed t\u1ea3i n\u1eb7ng. B\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kho\u1ea3ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ho\u1eb7c th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c thi t\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t (WCET) thay v\u00ec c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

    \ud83d\udee0\ufe0f Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 x\u00e1c minh<\/h2>\n

    M\u1ed9t khi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ed7i ti\u1ec1m t\u00e0ng, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh so v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n; \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh li\u00ean t\u1ee5c trong su\u1ed1t v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

    1. Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u0129nh m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh<\/h3>\n

    Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u1ea1y b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 m\u00e3 n\u00e0o, h\u00e3y ph\u00e2n t\u00edch s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t logic. Ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebft ch\u1eb7n, v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n ho\u1eb7c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi. \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c th\u1eddi gian l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 thi v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u 10ms nh\u01b0ng chu k\u1ef3 l\u00e0 5ms, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n.<\/p>\n

      \n
    • Ki\u1ec3m tra chu\u1ed7i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 n\u00e0o ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ch\u00ednh n\u00f3 trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian.<\/li>\n
    • X\u00e1c minh tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n:<\/strong> X\u00e1c nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng t\u1ed5ng th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c thi kh\u00f4ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n.<\/li>\n
    • Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean s\u1eb5n c\u00f3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      2. M\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng v\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a<\/h3>\n

      M\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea1n ch\u1ea1y m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u00e8n c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 ho\u1eb7c l\u1ed7i c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 xem h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p bi\u00ean m\u00e0 kh\u00f3 t\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n trong th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n

        \n
      • Ch\u00e8n \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5:<\/strong> Th\u00eam \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o v\u00e0o tin nh\u1eafn \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n.<\/li>\n
      • Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed t\u1ea3i n\u1eb7ng:<\/strong> Ch\u1ea1y h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u1edf t\u1ea3i t\u1ed1i \u0111a \u0111\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t s\u1ef1 suy gi\u1ea3m v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian.<\/li>\n
      • Ch\u00e8n l\u1ed7i:<\/strong> M\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng m\u1ea5t m\u00e1t ho\u1eb7c h\u1ecfng h\u00f3c tin nh\u1eafn \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra th\u1eddi gian ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        3. Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t<\/h3>\n

        T\u00edch h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ebfm th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 nh\u1eadt k\u00fd v\u00e0o m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n cung c\u1ea5p d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. So s\u00e1nh c\u00e1c m\u1ed1c th\u1eddi gian ghi l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh. C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 n\u01a1i m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh l\u1ec7ch kh\u1ecfi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. H\u00e3y t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u00e1c m\u1eabu trong s\u1ef1 l\u1ec7ch l\u1ea1c. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n kh\u00f4ng? C\u00f3 ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng? C\u00f3 x\u1ea3y ra d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

          \n
        • Theo d\u00f5i th\u1ef1c thi:<\/strong> Ghi l\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 k\u1ebft th\u00fac c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i thanh k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t.<\/li>\n
        • Gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a tin nh\u1eafn:<\/strong> Ghi l\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c m\u1ed1c th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebfn.<\/li>\n
        • Li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n:<\/strong>Truy xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ghi nh\u1eadt k\u00fd v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          \ud83d\udd04 \u0110\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 v\u1edbi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 v\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/h2>\n

          S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f4 l\u1eadp. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 UML l\u1edbn h\u01a1n. Nh\u1eefng b\u1ea5t nh\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ea3y ra khi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn v\u1edbi c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 kh\u00e1c. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1<\/strong> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n lu\u1ed3ng logic, nh\u01b0ng S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian<\/strong> l\u1ea1i cho th\u1ea5y vi ph\u1ea1m v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian.<\/p>\n

          T\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3<\/h3>\n

          \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi lu\u1ed3ng logic trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1. N\u1ebfu s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec3m ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian ph\u1ea3i t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi gian c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00f3. Nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u01b0\u1eddng cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m v\u1ec1 logic h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

          T\u00edch h\u1ee3p m\u00e1y tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/h3>\n

          S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1edf trong. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng duy tr\u00ec \u1edf c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3. N\u1ebfu s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian ng\u1ee5 \u00fd m\u1ed9t thay \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i m\u00e0 m\u00e1y tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3, s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra xung \u0111\u1ed9t. B\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian.<\/p>\n

          \u0110\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/h3>\n

          Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u th\u1eddi gian ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i l\u00e0 200ms, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c n\u00e0y. N\u1ebfu m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh cho ph\u00e9p 500ms, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. \u0110\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian v\u1edbi c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng.<\/p>\n

          \ud83d\udcca Danh s\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n cho c\u00e1c b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian<\/h2>\n

          Khi kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1, h\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng danh s\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecf s\u00f3t b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0o. Danh s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c then ch\u1ed1t n\u01a1i c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian th\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ea9n n\u00e1u.<\/p>\n

            \n
          • \u2713 X\u00e1c minh \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3:<\/strong>T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u00f3 \u0111ang s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t tham chi\u1ebfu th\u1eddi gian kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n
          • \u2713 Ki\u1ec3m tra th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 tin nh\u1eafn:<\/strong>C\u00e1c tin nh\u1eafn c\u00f3 \u0111ang \u0111\u1ebfn theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 mong \u0111\u1ee3i kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n
          • \u2713 X\u00e1c nh\u1eadn th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c thi:<\/strong>Th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c thi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u00f3 kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n c\u1ee7a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n
          • \u2713 Ki\u1ec3m tra xung \u0111\u1ed9t t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean:<\/strong>C\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 CPU ho\u1eb7c b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb cho c\u00e1c t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00ean l\u1ecbch kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n
          • \u2713 Xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i:<\/strong>C\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u00f3 x\u1ea3y ra trong khung th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n
          • \u2713 Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p bi\u00ean:<\/strong>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u1edf c\u00e1c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian?<\/li>\n
          • \u2713 Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u1ea3i m\u1ea1ng:<\/strong>T\u1ea3i cao c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi gian giao tin nh\u1eafn kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n
          • \u2713 X\u00e1c nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c m\u1ed1c th\u1eddi gian:<\/strong> T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1c th\u1eddi gian quan tr\u1ecdng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n t\u1ea3i cao nh\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            \ud83d\udee1\ufe0f Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n<\/h2>\n

            Ngay c\u1ea3 sau khi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c sai l\u1ec7ch ban \u0111\u1ea7u, c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh th\u1eddi gian v\u1eabn c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec. C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo th\u1eddi gian, v\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang c\u0169ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo. M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u00f4m qua c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi h\u00f4m nay.<\/p>\n

            Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n cho c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh<\/h3>\n

            Xem c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n. L\u01b0u tr\u1eef ch\u00fang trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea1n theo d\u00f5i c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 quay l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi g\u00e2y ra v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian. Ghi ch\u00e9p m\u1ecdi thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec l\u1ecbch s\u1eed r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

            Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed h\u1ed3i quy t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/h3>\n

            Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u00e1c minh c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c th\u1eddi gian. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u00e2y ra vi ph\u1ea1m th\u1eddi gian, ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ph\u1ea3i th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba h\u1ed3i quy v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u1eabn tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 theo m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh. T\u00edch h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed n\u00e0y v\u00e0o quy tr\u00ecnh t\u00edch h\u1ee3p li\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

            Ki\u1ec3m to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3<\/h3>\n

            L\u00ean l\u1ecbch ki\u1ec3m to\u00e1n \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 cho c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. Xem x\u00e9t ch\u00fang d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean h\u00e0nh vi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t. C\u1eadp nh\u1eadt m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0o v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng, m\u1ea1ng ho\u1eb7c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Gi\u1eef cho m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

            \ud83c\udfaf K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn: C\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/h2>\n

            Kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian UML<\/strong> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i t\u1eadp \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 c\u1ea9n tr\u1ecdng. N\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u hi\u1ec3u s\u00e2u s\u1eafc c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch x\u00e1c minh c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c sai l\u1ec7ch v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 kh\u00e1c, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 mong \u0111\u1ee3i.<\/p>\n

            H\u00e3y nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Khi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ni\u1ec1m tin. B\u1ea1n s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 b\u1ec1n b\u1ec9. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1, tinh ch\u1ec9nh m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao. Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea7y b\u1edfi ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u1ea9n tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 x\u00e1c minh li\u00ean t\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n

            Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd<\/h3>\n
              \n
            • X\u00e1c minh s\u1edbm:<\/strong> Ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c th\u1eddi gian trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf.<\/li>\n
            • \u0110o \u0111\u1ea1c th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean:<\/strong> S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 profiling \u0111\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/li>\n
            • Ghi ch\u00e9p c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i:<\/strong> Gi\u1eef cho m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt theo s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n
            • Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p bi\u00ean:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1p l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tu\u00e2n theo c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n bi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd t\u0129nh th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1eb1m \u1edf chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian. H\u00e3y ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

              Khi kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c thi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c nghi\u00eam…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":613,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"Kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian UML: H\u00e0nh vi so v\u1edbi M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u2699\ufe0f","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c sai l\u1ec7ch gi\u1eefa s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian UML v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 x\u00e1c minh, ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c th\u1eddi gian.","fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[39,43],"class_list":["post-612","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-unified-modeling-language","tag-academic","tag-timing-diagram"],"yoast_head":"\nKh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian UML: H\u00e0nh vi so v\u1edbi M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u2699\ufe0f<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c sai l\u1ec7ch gi\u1eefa s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian UML v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. 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