{"id":606,"date":"2026-04-03T00:19:17","date_gmt":"2026-04-03T00:19:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.viz-tools.com\/vi\/when-to-skip-uml-activity-diagrams\/"},"modified":"2026-04-03T00:19:17","modified_gmt":"2026-04-03T00:19:17","slug":"when-to-skip-uml-activity-diagrams","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.viz-tools.com\/vi\/when-to-skip-uml-activity-diagrams\/","title":{"rendered":"Khi n\u00e0o n\u00ean b\u1ecf qua s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng UML: Bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khi n\u00e0o ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng mang l\u1ea1i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb"},"content":{"rendered":"

Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, \u00edt t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u00e0o ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn b\u1eb1ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng UML. Nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh tr\u1ef1c quan v\u1ec1 lu\u1ed3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n t\u1eeb ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y sang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00e1c. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mong \u0111\u1ee3i trong t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi then ch\u1ed1t v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ra trong nhi\u1ec1u chu k\u1ef3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n:khi n\u00e0o n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c t\u1ea1o ra s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n?<\/strong> \u23f3<\/p>\n

M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 giao ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 l\u00e0m r\u00f5, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng. Khi \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng thi\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc, n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1c b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 m\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c b\u1ecf qua s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng UML l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u01b0u vi\u1ec7t h\u01a1n. Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed5i, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u thay th\u1ebf l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7, v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng khung n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho giao ti\u1ebfp thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. \ud83e\udde0<\/p>\n

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<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \ud83d\udcca<\/h2>\n

S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. N\u00f3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 lu\u1ed3ng c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh, c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh song song v\u00e0 lu\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 h\u1eefu \u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a logic kinh doanh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p ho\u1eb7c t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn v\u1edbi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 ho\u1eb7c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00ec chi ph\u00ed duy tr\u00ec m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u UML nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t cao h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n ph\u00e1c th\u1ea3o th\u00f4 s\u01a1.<\/p>\n

Khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch, c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 ba m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ch\u00ednh:<\/p>\n

    \n
  • Tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a logic ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p:<\/strong> Ch\u00fang l\u00e0m r\u00f5 c\u00e1c nh\u00e1nh lu\u1ed3ng m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng v\u0103n b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 kh\u00f3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3.<\/li>\n
  • M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi:<\/strong> Ch\u00fang th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng ho\u1eb7c quy tr\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c nhau t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi.<\/li>\n
  • X\u00e1c minh quy tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c:<\/strong> Ch\u00fang gi\u00fap c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan x\u00e1c minh xem quy tr\u00ecnh kinh doanh c\u00f3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 x\u1ea3y ra n\u1ebfu s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c duy tr\u00ec. N\u1ebfu s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u1ee3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda. \ud83d\udcc9<\/p>\n

    Chi ph\u00ed \u1ea9n c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c \ud83d\udcb8<\/h2>\n

    Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ecf qua m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3, c\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111ang b\u1ecb hy sinh. Chi ph\u00ed kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian; \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i. M\u1ed7i gi\u1edd d\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1ebd c\u00e1c n\u00fat v\u00e0 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u1edd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh, ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ho\u1eb7c h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n

    1. G\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec<\/h3>\n

    Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i. Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i. T\u00ednh n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o. N\u1ebfu s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t sprint, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi v\u00e0o l\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ti\u1ebfp theo. Vi\u1ec7c gi\u1eef cho s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 v\u1edbi m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3. Khi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi tri\u1ec3n khai, n\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn thay v\u00ec l\u00e0m r\u00f5. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb b\u1ecf ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n

    2. Qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/h3>\n

    C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ed7n \u0111\u1ed9n. Ch\u00fang ch\u1ee9a qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u lu\u1ed3ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 lu\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Thay v\u00ec \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 che gi\u1ea5u logic c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i. M\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u h\u01a1n l\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kinh doanh.<\/p>\n

    3. C\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c an to\u00e0n gi\u1ea3 t\u1ea1o<\/h3>\n

    C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u1eaby t\u00e2m l\u00fd khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan tin r\u1eb1ng v\u00ec s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i n\u00ean v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean lu\u1ed3ng tr\u1ef1c quan, b\u1ecf qua c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng bi\u00ean m\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ch\u1ed7 tr\u1ed1ng cho suy ngh\u0129 s\u00e2u s\u1eafc thay v\u00ec c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

    C\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c b\u1ecf qua l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn \ud83d\udeab<\/h2>\n

    Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i quy tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c. Vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh khi n\u00e0o n\u00ean b\u1ecf qua \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 m\u00e0 l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb.<\/p>\n

    1. Lu\u1ed3ng tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n<\/h3>\n

    N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t t\u00ednh n\u0103ng ch\u1ec9 g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i duy nh\u1ea5t t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u00e1nh hay song song, th\u00ec s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u00e0 th\u1eeba. M\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ho\u1eb7c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 v\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n s\u1ebd nhanh \u0111\u1ecdc h\u01a1n v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt h\u01a1n. V\u1ebd m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9p cho \u201cB\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u\u201d v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9p cho \u201cK\u1ebft th\u00fac\u201d n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhau b\u1eb1ng m\u0169i t\u00ean kh\u00f4ng mang l\u1ea1i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb g\u00ec.<\/p>\n

    2. Th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ban \u0111\u1ea7u<\/h3>\n

    Trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ban \u0111\u1ea7u, \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng thay \u0111\u1ed5i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 nhanh ch\u00f3ng. T\u1ea1o UML ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y s\u1ebd khi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9i b\u1ecb giam c\u1ea7m v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5. Nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n ph\u00e1c th\u1ea3o tr\u00ean b\u1ea3ng tr\u1eafng ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea5y d\u00e1n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u00e0 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n

    3. T\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u0169<\/h3>\n

    Khi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n c\u0169, t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ban \u0111\u1ea7u th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb thi\u1ebfu ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 t\u1ed1n th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 sai s\u00f3t. Th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n l\u00e0 ghi ch\u00fa logic ngay trong m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n ho\u1eb7c th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c ch\u00fa th\u00edch trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00e1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac.<\/p>\n

    4. Ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o nhanh m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m<\/h3>\n

    Trong c\u00e1c m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh, nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c thi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh nhanh hay ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng (MVP), chi ph\u00ed v\u1ec1 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u s\u1ebd l\u00e0m ch\u1eadm ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 giao h\u00e0ng. Tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o sau n\u1ebfu logic \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

    5. \u0110i\u1ec3m t\u00edch h\u1ee3p API<\/h3>\n

    \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p API \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a giao di\u1ec7n (nh\u01b0 OpenAPI ho\u1eb7c WSDL). S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y mang l\u1ea1i \u00edt gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u00ec chu k\u1ef3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u-\u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng l\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, trong khi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi g\u1ecdi \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n

    Ma tr\u1eadn quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh: V\u1ebd hay kh\u00f4ng v\u1ebd? \ud83e\udd14<\/h2>\n

    \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n, c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng danh s\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00f3 tr\u1ecdng s\u1ed1. N\u1ebfu ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi cho c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u201cKh\u00f4ng\u201d, h\u00e3y b\u1ecf qua s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Ti\u00eau ch\u00ed<\/th>\nV\u1ebd s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3<\/th>\nB\u1ecf qua s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
    \u0110\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a logic<\/strong><\/td>\nNhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e1nh, v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi<\/td>\nLu\u1ed3ng tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan<\/strong><\/td>\nNg\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng chuy\u00ean c\u1ea7n x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn tr\u1ef1c quan<\/td>\nCh\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9i k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt; v\u0103n b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng duy tr\u00ec<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0110\u1ed9i cam k\u1ebft c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n<\/td>\nT\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 thay \u0111\u1ed5i cao; t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u s\u1ebd l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch giao ti\u1ebfp<\/strong><\/td>\nM\u00f4 t\u1ea3 b\u1eb1ng l\u1eddi d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean<\/td>\n\u0110\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn t\u1ed1t v\u1edbi m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 b\u1eb1ng v\u0103n b\u1ea3n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n d\u1ef1 \u00e1n<\/strong><\/p>\nY\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh; s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng tri\u1ec3n khai<\/td>\nKh\u00e1m ph\u00e1; y\u00eau c\u1ea7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p thay th\u1ebf hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cho s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \ud83d\udd04<\/h2>\n

    N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ecf qua s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, b\u1ea1n v\u1eabn c\u1ea7n truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t logic. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p thay th\u1ebf th\u01b0\u1eddng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

    1. M\u00e3 gi\u1ea3 v\u00e0 v\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac<\/h3>\n

    Vi\u1ebft logic d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng m\u00e3 gi\u1ea3 g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi tri\u1ec3n khai h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3. N\u00f3 ghi l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c c\u00e2y quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n chi ph\u00ed c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ecda. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp trong ch\u00fa th\u00edch m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n ho\u1eb7c trong t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1eb7c t\u1ea3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

      \n
    • \u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m:<\/strong> Ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, d\u1ec5 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ki\u1ec3m tra t\u01b0 duy.<\/li>\n
    • Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m:<\/strong> Kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ef1c quan; \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ecdc.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      2. C\u00e1c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng v\u1edbi ti\u00eau ch\u00ed ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn<\/h3>\n

      Trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng linh ho\u1ea1t, c\u00e1c c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ‘\u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec’ v\u00e0 ti\u00eau ch\u00ed ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ‘c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c’. Ng\u1eef ph\u00e1p Gherkin (Given\/When\/Then) r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh vi m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n v\u1ebd khung. N\u00f3 bu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 ph\u1ea3i suy ngh\u0129 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p bi\u00ean.<\/p>\n

        \n
      • V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/strong> \u201cCho m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u0103ng xu\u1ea5t, Khi h\u1ecd g\u1eedi bi\u1ec3u m\u1eabu, Th\u00ec h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh \u0111\u0103ng nh\u1eadp.\u201d\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        3. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1<\/h3>\n

        \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n lu\u1ed3ng logic b\u00ean trong, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i. N\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tin nh\u1eafn gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. \u0110\u00e2y th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed t\u00edch h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n

        4. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 chuy\u1ec3n tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/h3>\n

        N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p n\u1eb1m \u1edf c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng thay v\u00ec lu\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, th\u00ec s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean l\u1ed9n x\u1ed9n khi c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t logic tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

        D\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u ki\u1ec7t s\u1ee9c khi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a \ud83c\udff3\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

        C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i th\u01b0\u1eddng r\u01a1i v\u00e0o c\u00e1i b\u1eaby m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mong \u0111\u1ee3i. H\u00e3y c\u1ea3nh gi\u00e1c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u cho th\u1ea5y quy tr\u00ecnh t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111ang g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n l\u00e0 l\u1ee3i \u00edch:<\/p>\n

          \n
        • Ch\u1eadm tr\u1ec5 trong ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n:<\/strong> C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111ang ch\u1edd s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi vi\u1ebft m\u00e3.<\/li>\n
        • T\u00e1ch r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n:<\/strong> M\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n tri\u1ec3n khai logic kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ebd ra.<\/li>\n
        • \u0110i\u1ec3m ngh\u1ebdn trong ki\u1ec3m tra:<\/strong> Vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m tra s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian h\u01a1n ki\u1ec3m tra m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n.<\/li>\n
        • Ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ed9i ph\u1ea3i d\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u1ebd s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 thay v\u00ec suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n
        • S\u1ef1 th\u1edd \u01a1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan:<\/strong> C\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan n\u00f3i h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1eb7c ng\u1eebng \u0111\u1ecdc ch\u00fang.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          Khi nh\u1eefng tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng n\u00e0y xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac t\u1ea1m d\u1eebng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 l\u1ea1i chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u. Th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n

          T\u00edch h\u1ee3p chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \ud83e\udde9<\/h2>\n

          B\u1ecf qua kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0c\u00f3 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc<\/strong>. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i ch\u00fang mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn cao nh\u1ea5t. H\u00e3y c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u00e0y:<\/p>\n

            \n
          1. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i then ch\u1ed1t:<\/strong> N\u01a1i n\u00e0o c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 hi\u1ec3u nh\u1ea7m cao nh\u1ea5t? C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 lu\u1ed3ng x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c? Quy tr\u00ecnh thanh to\u00e1n?<\/li>\n
          2. V\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 khi c\u00f3 r\u1ee7i ro:<\/strong>Ch\u1ec9 t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 cho nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1edf b\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t.<\/li>\n
          3. Gi\u1eef n\u00f3 th\u00f4 s\u01a1:<\/strong>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 cho ph\u00e9p l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i nhanh ch\u00f3ng. \u0110\u1eebng t\u1ed1n h\u00e0ng gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9 c\u0103n ch\u1ec9nh ho\u1eb7c m\u00e0u s\u1eafc.<\/li>\n
          4. Li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n:<\/strong>N\u1ebfu t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3, h\u00e3y li\u00ean k\u1ebft n\u00f3 v\u1edbi m\u00f4-\u0111un m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n li\u00ean quan. N\u1ebfu m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n thay \u0111\u1ed5i, h\u00e3y c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt li\u00ean k\u1ebft ho\u1eb7c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3.<\/li>\n
          5. Lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u0169:<\/strong>L\u01b0u tr\u1eef ho\u1eb7c x\u00f3a c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

            T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u00f3m \ud83e\udd1d<\/h2>\n

            Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u00f3m. M\u1ed9t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i v\u1ebd s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 cho m\u1ecdi t\u00ednh n\u0103ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ng\u1ee5 \u00fd s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu tin t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng giao ti\u1ebfp b\u1eb1ng v\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 b\u1eadc trong \u0111\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ebd s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 cao h\u01a1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 s\u1ea1ch nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

            B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch trao quy\u1ec1n cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u00f3m b\u1ecf qua s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 khi kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, b\u1ea1n \u0111ang g\u1eedi th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p r\u1eb1ngs\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng trong t\u01b0 duy quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y<\/strong>. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y v\u0103n h\u00f3a th\u1ef1c d\u1ee5ng. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u00f3m tr\u1edf n\u00ean t\u1eadp trung h\u01a1n v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 thay v\u00ec s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n

            Tin t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7<\/h3>\n

            Khi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tin t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ec3 ghi ch\u00fa logic c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng v\u0103n b\u1ea3n ho\u1eb7c ch\u00fa th\u00edch m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd n\u1eafm gi\u1eef tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111ang th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd; h\u1ecd \u0111ang \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a logic. S\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 n\u00e0y c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n tinh th\u1ea7n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n.<\/p>\n

            Hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c<\/h3>\n

            Giao ti\u1ebfp d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean v\u0103n b\u1ea3n cho ph\u00e9p ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh (diff) m\u1ed9t t\u1ec7p v\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 xem \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong logic. Vi\u1ec7c so s\u00e1nh (diff) m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh nh\u1ecb ph\u00e2n ho\u1eb7c t\u1ec7p b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3. Logic d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean v\u0103n b\u1ea3n t\u00edch h\u1ee3p li\u1ec1n m\u1ea1ch v\u00e0o kho m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n.<\/p>\n

            B\u1ea3o tr\u00ec d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n giao tri th\u1ee9c \ud83d\udcda<\/h2>\n

            M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do m\u1ea1nh nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ecf qua s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec tri th\u1ee9c l\u00e2u d\u00e0i. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi c\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. N\u1ebfu h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi, ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi s\u1ebd b\u1ecb b\u1ed1i r\u1ed1i. N\u1ebfu h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n v\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u nh\u00fang, ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc ph\u1ea7n tri\u1ec3n khai.<\/p>\n

            H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u00e0 t\u0129nh. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng. M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ghi l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc trong th\u1eddi gian. M\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n ghi l\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. D\u1ef1a v\u00e0o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n giao tri th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c c\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i th\u1eddi gian.<\/p>\n

            Suy ngh\u0129 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng v\u1ec1 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf th\u1ef1c d\u1ee5ng \ud83c\udfaf<\/h2>\n

            Vi\u1ec7c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng UML l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi th\u1eddi gian, c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd. Trong nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh, kho\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 n\u00e0y mang l\u1ea1i \u00edt l\u1ee3i \u00edch. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch nh\u1eadn ra khi n\u00e0o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 mang l\u1ea1i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 khi n\u00e0o n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u00f3m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

            T\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o logic, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh. N\u1ebfu logic ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap. N\u1ebfu logic \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n n\u00f3i thay. Nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u g\u1ecdn nh\u1eb9, m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u00f3m t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00e0o b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd. \ud83d\ude80<\/p>\n

            H\u00e3y nh\u1edb, m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o. \u01afu ti\u00ean gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb, gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

            Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, \u00edt t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u00e0o ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn b\u1eb1ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng UML. Nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng n\u00e0y cung…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":607,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"Khi n\u00e0o n\u00ean b\u1ecf qua s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng UML: H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u khi n\u00e0o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng UML mang l\u1ea1i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 khi n\u00e0o ch\u00fang t\u1ea1o ra g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. H\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a quy tr\u00ecnh thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.","fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[39,44],"class_list":["post-606","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-unified-modeling-language","tag-academic","tag-activity-diagram"],"yoast_head":"\nKhi n\u00e0o n\u00ean b\u1ecf qua s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng UML: H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u khi n\u00e0o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng UML mang l\u1ea1i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 khi n\u00e0o ch\u00fang t\u1ea1o ra g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. 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