{"id":602,"date":"2026-04-03T07:15:03","date_gmt":"2026-04-03T07:15:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.viz-tools.com\/vi\/uml-timing-diagrams-real-time-guide\/"},"modified":"2026-04-03T07:15:03","modified_gmt":"2026-04-03T07:15:03","slug":"uml-timing-diagrams-real-time-guide","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.viz-tools.com\/vi\/uml-timing-diagrams-real-time-guide\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u1ed5ng quan to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian UML: H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c"},"content":{"rendered":"

Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u00e0nh vi theo th\u1eddi gian l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng khi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 t\u1eebng mili gi\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a. Trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nh\u00fang v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n t\u0129nh v\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u1eafm b\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng chi ti\u1ebft tinh t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ef1c thi v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1c th\u1eddi gian. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 l\u00fac s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian UML tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu. N\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf tr\u1ef1c quan ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u00e0 trao \u0111\u1ed5i tin nh\u1eafn theo th\u1eddi gian.<\/p>\n

H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf, c\u00fa ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5, \u0111\u1ed9 dao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o r\u1ed7ng tu\u1ebfch. Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1ch x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y, gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c minh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng an to\u00e0n-c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i.<\/p>\n

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\"Charcoal<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

\ud83d\udd0d S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n

S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c trong Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t (UML). Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1, t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 logic c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tin nh\u1eafn, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 th\u1eddi gian ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n. Ch\u00fang bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng theo tr\u1ee5c th\u1eddi gian.<\/p>\n

    \n
  • \u0110\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c theo th\u1eddi gian:<\/strong> Ch\u00fang cho ph\u00e9p x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1eddi gian tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: 50ms) ho\u1eb7c th\u1eddi gian t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: 10 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb sau s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n A).<\/li>\n
  • T\u00ednh minh b\u1ea1ch tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i:<\/strong> Ch\u00fang hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng th\u1eddi gian m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng duy tr\u00ec \u1edf m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/li>\n
  • T\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi:<\/strong> Ch\u00fang minh h\u1ecda c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c nhau ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng xung \u0111\u1ed9t.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c, s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng. M\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00fang v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t logic nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i do b\u1ecf l\u1ee1 m\u1ed1c th\u1eddi gian. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian gi\u00fap h\u00ecnh dung r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i n\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n.<\/p>\n

    \ud83e\udde9 C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i v\u00e0 c\u00fa ph\u00e1p<\/h2>\n

    \u0110\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n. M\u1ed7i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 t\u1ecda \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i.<\/p>\n

    1. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng<\/h3>\n

    C\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c lu\u1ed3ng trong m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ebd d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n

      \n
    • Tr\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ee9ng:<\/strong> Bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 ho\u1eb7c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/li>\n
    • Tr\u1ee5c ngang:<\/strong> Bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n theo th\u1eddi gian.<\/li>\n
    • Thanh k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t:<\/strong> C\u00e1c h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng cho bi\u1ebft khi n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111ang th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t thao t\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      2. H\u1ed9p tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/h3>\n

      C\u00e1c h\u1ed9p tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i l\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt d\u1ecdc theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng, bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. S\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i n\u00e0y sang tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u00ean.<\/p>\n

        \n
      • Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111ang s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng:<\/strong> Ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111ang x\u1eed l\u00fd ho\u1eb7c \u0111ang chi\u1ebfm gi\u1eef m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean.<\/li>\n
      • Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ch\u1edd:<\/strong> Ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111ang ch\u1edd ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/li>\n
      • G\u00e1n nh\u00e3n:<\/strong>C\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: “\u0110ang x\u1eed l\u00fd<\/em>, \u0110ang ch\u1edd<\/em>, B\u1ecb ch\u1eb7n<\/em>).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        3. C\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c tr\u1ee5c th\u1eddi gian<\/h3>\n

        Th\u1eddi gian kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c. C\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n cho c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

          \n
        • R\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5:<\/strong>X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1eddi gian t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra.<\/li>\n
        • R\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n:<\/strong>X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1eddi gian t\u1ed1i \u0111a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p cho vi\u1ec7c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n.<\/li>\n
        • T\u00ednh chu k\u1ef3:<\/strong>X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          \u23f1\ufe0f Minh h\u1ecda c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/h2>\n

          Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian n\u1eb1m \u1edf kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n c\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i. Trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1, b\u1ea1n th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng tin nh\u1eafn A \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eedi tr\u01b0\u1edbc tin nh\u1eafn B. Trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian, b\u1ea1n th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 \u1edf trongTr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i X<\/em>trong 10 mili gi\u00e2y tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi chuy\u1ec3n sangTr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i Y<\/em>.<\/p>\n

          X\u00e9t m\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ecdc c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 quaNg\u01b0ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/em>, \u0110ang \u0111\u1ecdc<\/em>, v\u00e0\u0110ang x\u1eed l\u00fd<\/em>.<\/p>\n

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          • Ng\u01b0ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng:<\/strong>B\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd trung t\u00e2m ch\u1edd m\u1ed9t t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t. Th\u1eddi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/li>\n
          • \u0110ang \u0111\u1ecdc:<\/strong> Ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng \u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. Th\u1eddi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng.<\/li>\n
          • \u0110ang x\u1eed l\u00fd:<\/strong>Thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n \u0111ang ch\u1ea1y. Th\u1eddi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u00e1nh x\u1ea1 c\u00e1c th\u1eddi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y, nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ngh\u1ebdn. N\u1ebfu tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0110ang x\u1eed l\u00fd<\/em> v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n cho chu k\u1ef3 ti\u1ebfp theo, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 m\u1ea5t d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.D\u1eebng<\/em>chu k\u1ef3, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 m\u1ea5t d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n

            \ud83d\udd12 C\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian<\/h2>\n

            C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c th\u01b0\u1eddng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t c\u00e1c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian. UML cho ph\u00e9p ghi ch\u00fa c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng nh\u00e3n v\u0103n b\u1ea3n ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u th\u1ee9c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eafn v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3.<\/p>\n

            1. Th\u1eddi gian tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i<\/h3>\n

            S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u1eddi gian tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i s\u1ebd g\u1eafn s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3i x\u1ea3y ra v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m t = 100ms.<\/p>\n

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            • Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng: \u0110\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 h\u00f3a v\u1edbi ngu\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.<\/li>\n
            • L\u1ee3i \u00edch: \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              2. Th\u1eddi gian t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i<\/h3>\n

              Th\u1eddi gian t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u201cS\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n B x\u1ea3y ra sau 50ms k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n A\u201d.<\/p>\n

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              • Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng: X\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 ng\u1eaft.<\/li>\n
              • L\u1ee3i \u00edch: T\u00e1ch s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 kh\u1ecfi th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o lu\u1ed3ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                3. B\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb3ng th\u1ee9c<\/h3>\n

                C\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb3ng th\u1ee9c, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 t < 50ms. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n

                  \n
                • Th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee9ng:<\/strong> Vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ed7i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n
                • Th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n m\u1ec1m:<\/strong> Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t gi\u1ea3m n\u1ebfu b\u1ecb b\u1ecf l\u1ee1, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                  \ud83d\udd04 T\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi v\u00e0 song song<\/h2>\n

                  Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i hi\u1ebfm khi ch\u1ea1y tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t lu\u1ed3ng duy nh\u1ea5t. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc trong vi\u1ec7c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ef1c thi song song. Khi t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u lu\u1ed3ng s\u1ed1ng, s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n ngang c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang cho th\u1ea5y ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

                  1. Xen k\u1ebd<\/h3>\n

                  Xen k\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra khi c\u00e1c t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 chia s\u1ebb m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd duy nh\u1ea5t. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c m\u1ea3nh th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c thi cho c\u00e1c t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n

                    \n
                  • Chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 \u01b0u ti\u00ean cao s\u1ebd ng\u1eaft m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 \u01b0u ti\u00ean th\u1ea5p.<\/li>\n
                  • Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp:<\/strong> C\u00e1c t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 ch\u1ea1y \u0111\u1ebfn khi ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                    2. Xung \u0111\u1ed9t t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean<\/h3>\n

                    Khi hai \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ea7n c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean, m\u1ed9t b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i ch\u1edd. Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 minh h\u1ecda th\u1eddi gian ch\u1edd nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng trong thanh k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t.<\/p>\n

                      \n
                    • Kh\u00f3a:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng gi\u1eef t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean trong khi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00e1c ph\u1ea3i ch\u1edd.<\/li>\n
                    • Ch\u1ebft m\u00e1y:<\/strong> N\u1ebfu hai \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng ch\u1edd nhau v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n, bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ebd hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ch\u1edd li\u00ean t\u1ee5c.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                      \u2696\ufe0f Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian so v\u1edbi bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1<\/h2>\n

                      C\u1ea3 hai bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1u m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c, nh\u01b0ng tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. Nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn sai s\u00f3t thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
                      T\u00ednh n\u0103ng<\/th>\nBi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1<\/th>\nBi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
                      Tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m ch\u00ednh<\/strong><\/td>\nTh\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 tin nh\u1eafn<\/td>\nTh\u1eddi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                      Tr\u1ee5c th\u1eddi gian<\/strong><\/td>\nNg\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ecbnh (th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 logic)<\/td>\nR\u00f5 r\u00e0ng (theo \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                      Bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/strong><\/td>\nT\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u ho\u1eb7c ng\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/td>\nChi ti\u1ebft v\u00e0 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                      Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/strong><\/td>\nLu\u1ed3ng logic, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf giao th\u1ee9c<\/td>\nPh\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5, l\u1eadp l\u1ecbch<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                      \u0110\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p<\/strong><\/td>\nCao v\u1edbi logic ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p<\/td>\nCao v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c th\u1eddi gian<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

                      C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 cho thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf logic ban \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian cho vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c minh th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp theo. C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn hai b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u1ea3 t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

                      \ud83d\udee0\ufe0f H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng<\/h2>\n

                      Vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1eefu \u00edch \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt. M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1ed9n x\u1ed9n s\u1ebd che khu\u1ea5t d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u1eddi gian m\u00e0 n\u00f3 nh\u1eb1m truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t.<\/p>\n

                      1. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh thang th\u1eddi gian<\/h3>\n

                      Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi v\u1ebd, h\u00e3y quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 mili gi\u00e2y, chu k\u1ef3 CPU hay c\u00e1c m\u1ed1c th\u1eddi gian tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng? T\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng. Vi\u1ec7c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn.<\/p>\n

                      2. Nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng li\u00ean quan<\/h3>\n

                      Nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng thu\u1ed9c c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng con. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng khung ho\u1eb7c h\u1ed9p \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t tr\u1ef1c quan c\u00e1c module. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m t\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

                      3. Ghi nh\u00e3n r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng<\/h3>\n

                      \u0110\u1eebng gi\u1ea5u c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c th\u1eddi gian trong v\u0103n b\u1ea3n nh\u1ecf. \u0110\u1eb7t ch\u00fang g\u1ea7n thanh k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t ho\u1eb7c m\u0169i t\u00ean tin nh\u1eafn li\u00ean quan. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n nh\u01b0{delay: 5ms}<\/code>.<\/p>\n

                      4. \u0110\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a c\u00e1c h\u1ed9p tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/h3>\n

                      \u0110\u1eebng hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb m\u1ecdi tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i vi m\u00f4. T\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi gian. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3, h\u00e3y g\u1ed9p n\u00f3 v\u00e0o ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng xung quanh.<\/p>\n

                      5. X\u00e1c minh b\u1eb1ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/h3>\n

                      \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u1eddi gian kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ph\u1ecfng \u0111o\u00e1n. Ch\u00fang ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c suy ra t\u1eeb d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u00e2n t\u00edch hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t, th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng ho\u1eb7c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c thi t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t (WCET).<\/p>\n

                      \ud83d\udea8 Nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m v\u00e0 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/h2>\n

                      Ngay c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u0169ng g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n khi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a th\u1eddi gian. Nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m n\u00e0y s\u1edbm s\u1ebd gi\u00fap tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

                      1. Qu\u00e1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p<\/h3>\n

                      Vi\u1ec7c c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng trong m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn. M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 duy nh\u1ea5t n\u00ean t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng con c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. Chia h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn th\u1eddi gian nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

                      2. B\u1ecf qua \u0111\u1ed9 dao \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/h3>\n

                      \u0110\u1ed9 dao \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5. M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn thi\u00ean. H\u00e3y c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc th\u00eam m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: 10ms \u00b1 2ms) \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ed9 dao \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

                      3. T\u0129nh vs. \u0110\u1ed9ng<\/h3>\n

                      C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n t\u0129nh c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh vi \u0111\u1ed9ng. Ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7 t\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u1ea1y tr\u1eeb khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng x\u1eed l\u00fd l\u1ed7i.<\/p>\n

                      4. H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5<\/h3>\n

                      M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1eabn g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c th\u1eddi gian ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c l\u1ed3ng nhau ho\u1eb7c tr\u1ee5c th\u1eddi gian kh\u00f4ng tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh.<\/p>\n

                      \ud83d\udcca Tham kh\u1ea3o: C\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/h2>\n

                      Tham kh\u1ea3o b\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
                      K\u00fd hi\u1ec7u<\/th>\n\u00dd ngh\u0129a<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
                      \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng<\/td>\n\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng (\u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng\/Chu\u1ed7i)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                      Thanh h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/td>\nK\u00edch ho\u1ea1t ho\u1eb7c Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                      M\u0169i t\u00ean c\u00f3 nh\u00e3n<\/td>\nTin nh\u1eafn ho\u1eb7c T\u00edn hi\u1ec7u<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                      H\u1ed9p c\u00f3 v\u0103n b\u1ea3n<\/td>\nM\u00f4 t\u1ea3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                      D\u1ea5u ngo\u1eb7c c\u00f3 v\u0103n b\u1ea3n<\/td>\nR\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5, th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                      \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e9t \u0111\u1ee9t<\/td>\nTham chi\u1ebfu ho\u1eb7c Li\u00ean k\u1ebft<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                      \u0110i\u1ec3m chia tr\u1ee5c th\u1eddi gian<\/td>\n\u0110i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb th\u1eddi gian<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

                      \ud83e\udde0 T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u s\u00e2u: Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c<\/h2>\n

                      \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u00fang, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd; \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng. N\u00f3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00e0nh vi mong \u0111\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m trong c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

                      1. \u0110\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 ng\u1eaft<\/h3>\n

                      C\u00e1c ng\u1eaft l\u00e0m gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n lu\u1ed3ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian gi\u00fap t\u00ednh to\u00e1n th\u1eddi gian t\u1ed1i \u0111a gi\u1eefa t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u ng\u1eaft v\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ef1c thi tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd ng\u1eaft (ISR).<\/p>\n

                        \n
                      • Chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh:<\/strong>Th\u1eddi gian c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef c\u00e1c thanh ghi.<\/li>\n
                      • Th\u1eddi gian ph\u00e2n ph\u00e1t:<\/strong>Th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd ISR.<\/li>\n
                      • Th\u1ef1c thi:<\/strong>Th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea1y m\u00e3 x\u1eed l\u00fd.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                        2. Xung \u0111\u1ed9t bus<\/h3>\n

                        Trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111a l\u00f5i, bus chung c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec3m ngh\u1ebdn. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 cho th\u1ea5y khi n\u00e0o c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n truy c\u1eadp bus v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian ch\u00fang gi\u1eef bus.<\/p>\n

                          \n
                        • B\u1ea7u ch\u1ecdn:<\/strong>Ai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy c\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1edbc?<\/li>\n
                        • Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ch\u1edd:<\/strong>Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ch\u1edd bao l\u00e2u \u0111\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp bus?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                          3. Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/h3>\n

                          S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian c\u0169ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch bi\u1ebft khi n\u00e0o CPU \u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng so v\u1edbi tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ngh\u1ec9, c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00ean l\u1ecbch cho c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n

                            \n
                          • Th\u1eddi gian ngh\u1ec9:<\/strong> C\u1eeda s\u1ed5 n\u01a1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/li>\n
                          • Th\u1eddi gian th\u1ee9c d\u1eady:<\/strong>Th\u1eddi gian c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                            \u2705 C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec<\/h2>\n

                            C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u s\u1ed1ng. Khi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a theo.<\/p>\n

                              \n
                            • Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n:<\/strong>Xem s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 nh\u01b0 m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n. L\u01b0u tr\u1eef ch\u00fang trong kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef.<\/li>\n
                            • Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng truy xu\u1ea5t ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c:<\/strong>Li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1edbi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ecdi r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh h\u1ee3p l\u00fd.<\/li>\n
                            • V\u00f2ng ki\u1ec3m tra:<\/strong>Bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m tra s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf. \u0110\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c xung \u0111\u1ed9t v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ch\u00ednh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecf s\u00f3t.<\/li>\n
                            • T\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a:<\/strong>\u1ede nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3, t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed t\u1eeb s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c minh h\u00e0nh vi v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                              \ud83d\udcdd T\u00f3m t\u1eaft nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd<\/h2>\n

                              S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian UML cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng. N\u00f3 l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa lu\u1ed3ng logic v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u1eadt l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

                                \n
                              • T\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o th\u1eddi gian:<\/strong>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u00f3 khi \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0i th\u1eddi gian quan tr\u1ecdng, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1.<\/li>\n
                              • X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c:<\/strong>Ghi r\u00f5 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1c th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5.<\/li>\n
                              • Tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i:<\/strong>Hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb th\u1eddi gian c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng duy tr\u00ec trong c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/li>\n
                              • X\u1eed l\u00fd t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi:<\/strong>B\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 h\u00f3a c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ef1c thi song song \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m xung \u0111\u1ed9t.<\/li>\n
                              • L\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i:<\/strong>Tinh ch\u1ec9nh s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 khi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ph\u00e2n t\u00edch hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u00edch h\u1ee3p s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0o v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u r\u1ee7i ro l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c. C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u00e0y v\u01b0\u1ee3t ra ngo\u00e0i t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. N\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 nh\u01b0 mong \u0111\u1ee3i, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n trong c\u00e1c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

                                \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ean c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 an to\u00e0n, nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n \u00f4 t\u00f4 hay thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb y t\u1ebf, m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 chi ti\u1ebft n\u00e0y l\u00e0 b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c. N\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian trong m\u1ecdi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n

                                Vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ph\u1ea7n th\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cao. Trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady cao nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                                Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u00e0nh vi theo th\u1eddi gian l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng khi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 t\u1eebng mili gi\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a. Trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":603,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Th\u1eddi gian UML: H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c \ud83d\udd52","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 s\u00e2u v\u1ec1 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian UML d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c. Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u00f4 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng.","fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[39,43],"class_list":["post-602","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-unified-modeling-language","tag-academic","tag-timing-diagram"],"yoast_head":"\nS\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Th\u1eddi gian UML: H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c \ud83d\udd52<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 s\u00e2u v\u1ec1 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian UML d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c. 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