{"id":598,"date":"2026-04-03T09:12:36","date_gmt":"2026-04-03T09:12:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.viz-tools.com\/vi\/uml-timing-diagram-tutorial-state-time-constraints\/"},"modified":"2026-04-03T09:12:36","modified_gmt":"2026-04-03T09:12:36","slug":"uml-timing-diagram-tutorial-state-time-constraints","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.viz-tools.com\/vi\/uml-timing-diagram-tutorial-state-time-constraints\/","title":{"rendered":"H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn v\u1ec1 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Th\u1eddi gian UML: M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u00e0 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c th\u1eddi gian m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb l\u1ea1c trong chi ti\u1ebft"},"content":{"rendered":"

Khi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5khi<\/em>c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n x\u1ea3y ra l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5\u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec<\/em> x\u1ea3y ra. C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eddi gian ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 l\u00fac s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Th\u1eddi gian UML tr\u1edf n\u00ean thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9ts\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Th\u1eddi gian UML<\/strong> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o th\u1eddi gian thay \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u00e0 trao \u0111\u1ed5i tin nh\u1eafn theo th\u1eddi gian. N\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t h\u1eefu \u00edch cho c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u00fang, giao th\u1ee9c truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 giao di\u1ec7n ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng-phan m\u1ec1m n\u01a1i t\u1eebng mili gi\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u00e0 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c th\u1eddi gian m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb l\u1ea1c trong chi ti\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

\n
\"Chalkboard-style<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Th\u1eddi gian UML l\u00e0 g\u00ec? \ud83e\udded<\/h2>\n

\u1ede c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng theo th\u1eddi gian. Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 UML kh\u00e1c t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 t\u0129nh, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c theo th\u1eddi gian. N\u00f3 cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a:<\/p>\n

    \n
  • Chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i:<\/strong> Khi m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i n\u00e0y sang tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i kh\u00e1c.<\/li>\n
  • Th\u1eddi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng:<\/strong> Th\u1eddi gian m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng duy tr\u00ec \u1edf m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/li>\n
  • R\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c:<\/strong> H\u1ea1n ch\u00f3t, th\u1eddi gian h\u1ebft h\u1ea1n v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i t\u1ed1i \u0111a.<\/li>\n
  • \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi:<\/strong> Nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 n\u00f3 chia s\u1ebb kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1d\u00f2ng s\u1ed1ng<\/em> v\u1edbi c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1, tr\u1ee5c ngang trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb th\u1eddi gian, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n

    C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i v\u00e0 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u \ud83d\udcd0<\/h2>\n

    \u0110\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n. Nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhau \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i.<\/p>\n

    1. D\u00f2ng s\u1ed1ng<\/h3>\n

    C\u00e1c d\u00f2ng s\u1ed1ng bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ho\u1eb7c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n tham gia v\u00e0o t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c. Trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian, m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ebd d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng thanh \u0111\u1ee9ng. N\u00f3 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i t\u1eeb tr\u00ean xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3, cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong su\u1ed1t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n

      \n
    • Tr\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ee9ng:<\/strong> Bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n danh t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/li>\n
    • K\u00e9o d\u00e0i theo chi\u1ec1u ngang:<\/strong> Bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng theo th\u1eddi gian.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      2. Tr\u1ee5c Th\u1eddi gian<\/h3>\n

      Tr\u1ee5c ngang l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eddi gian. N\u00f3 ch\u1ea1y t\u1eeb tr\u00e1i sang ph\u1ea3i. Kh\u00f4ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u thang \u0111o nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t (kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ecb to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc), nh\u01b0ng kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ghi ch\u00fa tr\u1ee5c b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: mili gi\u00e2y, gi\u00e2y) \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m r\u00f5 thang \u0111o.<\/p>\n

      3. M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/h3>\n

      C\u00e1c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i l\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng. Ch\u00fang ch\u1ec9 ra tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. T\u00ean tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft b\u00ean trong h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

        \n
      • Thay \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng c\u1eaft qua bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp.<\/li>\n
      • Th\u1eddi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng:<\/strong> Chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ed9p tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng duy tr\u00ec \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        4. Tin nh\u1eafn v\u00e0 T\u00edn hi\u1ec7u<\/h3>\n

        C\u00e1c tin nh\u1eafn k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t thay \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ho\u1eb7c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng. Trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian, c\u00e1c tin nh\u1eafn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ebd d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng m\u0169i t\u00ean \u0111i t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng sang \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c. Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1, th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c m\u00e0 tin nh\u1eafn \u0111\u1ebfn so v\u1edbi thay \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n

          \n
        • \u0110\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9:<\/strong> Ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eedi ch\u1edd cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/li>\n
        • B\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9:<\/strong> Ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eedi ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ngay sau khi g\u1eedi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          5. Gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n Th\u1eddi gian<\/h3>\n

          C\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n ho\u1eb7c kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian. Ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng d\u1ea5u ngo\u1eb7c ho\u1eb7c ch\u00fa th\u00edch v\u0103n b\u1ea3n g\u1ea7n tin nh\u1eafn ho\u1eb7c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i.<\/p>\n

            \n
          • Th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n:<\/strong> Ph\u1ea3i x\u1ea3y ra tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m T.<\/li>\n
          • H\u1ebft th\u1eddi gian ch\u1edd:<\/strong> Ch\u1edd kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 th\u1eddi gian T.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Th\u1eddi gian so v\u1edbi S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 \ud83c\udd9a<\/h2>\n

            Hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khi n\u00e0o n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian thay v\u00ec s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng cho vi\u1ec7c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c, nh\u01b0ng tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
            T\u00ednh n\u0103ng<\/th>\nS\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1<\/th>\nS\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Th\u1eddi gian<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
            Tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m ch\u00ednh<\/strong><\/td>\nTh\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tin nh\u1eafn<\/td>\nTh\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m thay \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            Tr\u1ee5c ngang<\/strong><\/td>\nTh\u1eddi gian logic \/ Th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1<\/td>\nTh\u1eddi gian v\u1eadt l\u00fd \/ Kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            Tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/strong><\/td>\nNg\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/td>\nH\u1ed9p tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/strong><\/td>\nLu\u1ed3ng logic kinh doanh<\/td>\nC\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            \u0110\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p<\/strong><\/td>\nLu\u1ed3ng logic t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c<\/td>\nLogic th\u1eddi gian<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

            N\u1ebfu h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t c\u00e1c th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng phanh trong m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c b\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd m\u1ea5t g\u00f3i tin trong m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi), s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7. B\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian.<\/p>\n

            Quy tr\u00ecnh m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc \ud83d\udee0\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

            Vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn. H\u00e3y tu\u00e2n theo c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc sau \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n lu\u00f4n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

            B\u01b0\u1edbc 1: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c b\u00ean tham gia<\/h3>\n

            B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch li\u1ec7t k\u00ea c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng tham gia. Trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u00fang, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t vi \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n, m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ch\u1ea5p h\u00e0nh. V\u1ebd c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eddi th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng cho m\u1ed7i b\u00ean tham gia.<\/p>\n

            B\u01b0\u1edbc 2: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/h3>\n

            \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed7i b\u00ean tham gia, h\u00e3y x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i li\u00ean quan. M\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i nh\u01b0 \u0110ang ch\u1edd<\/em>, \u0110ang \u0111\u1ecdc<\/em>, \u0110ang hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n<\/em>, v\u00e0 \u0110ang truy\u1ec1n<\/em>. M\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0110ang ch\u1edd<\/em>, \u0110ang x\u1eed l\u00fd<\/em>, v\u00e0 \u0110ang c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o<\/em>.<\/p>\n

            B\u01b0\u1edbc 3: X\u00e1c l\u1eadp d\u00f2ng th\u1eddi gian<\/h3>\n

            X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u (th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian 0) v\u00e0 th\u1eddi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n. Ghi ch\u00fa c\u00e1c m\u1ed1c quan tr\u1ecdng tr\u00ean tr\u1ee5c ngang n\u1ebfu c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 li\u00ean quan.<\/p>\n

            B\u01b0\u1edbc 4: B\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/h3>\n

            V\u1ebd c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i tr\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng. \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi th\u1eddi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c x\u1ea3y ra thay \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i.<\/p>\n

            B\u01b0\u1edbc 5: Th\u00eam tin nh\u1eafn v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t<\/h3>\n

            V\u1ebd c\u00e1c m\u0169i t\u00ean gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c. C\u0103n ch\u1ec9nh m\u0169i t\u00ean tin nh\u1eafn v\u1edbi thay \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i m\u00e0 n\u00f3 k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t tin nh\u1eafn \u0111\u1ebfn trong m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, h\u00e3y th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

            B\u01b0\u1edbc 6: Ghi ch\u00fa c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c<\/h3>\n

            Th\u00eam b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0o. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, n\u1ebfu ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i ph\u1ea3i x\u1ea3y ra trong v\u00f2ng 50ms, h\u00e3y ghi ch\u00fa y\u00eau c\u1ea7u n\u00e0y l\u00ean tin nh\u1eafn ho\u1eb7c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ngh\u1ebdn ti\u1ec1m t\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

            K\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf: Thu th\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn \ud83d\udcca<\/h2>\n

            H\u00e3y \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf: h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. K\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn, m\u1ed9t vi \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t module truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

            C\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh<\/h3>\n
              \n
            • C\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn:<\/strong>\u0110o nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1ed7i 100ms.<\/li>\n
            • Vi \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n:<\/strong>X\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 g\u1eedi n\u00f3 l\u00ean \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y.<\/li>\n
            • Module truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng:<\/strong>X\u1eed l\u00fd vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea3i l\u00ean.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh<\/h3>\n

              Trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta quan s\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lu\u1ed3ng sau:<\/p>\n

                \n
              • Th\u1eddi gian 0-100ms:<\/strong> C\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn \u0111ang \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i Ng\u01b0ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/em> tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i. Vi \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n \u0111ang \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i Ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i<\/em>.<\/li>\n
              • Th\u1eddi gian 100ms:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eedi \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn. C\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec3n sang tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0110ang \u0111\u1ecdc<\/em>.<\/li>\n
              • Th\u1eddi gian 110ms:<\/strong> C\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n sang Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb<\/em>. N\u00f3 g\u1eedi m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebfn vi \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n.<\/li>\n
              • Th\u1eddi gian 110-150ms:<\/strong> Vi \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n \u0111ang \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i X\u1eed l\u00fd<\/em>. N\u00f3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9.<\/li>\n
              • Th\u1eddi gian 150ms:<\/strong> N\u1ebfu nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, vi \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n chuy\u1ec3n sang Ng\u01b0ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/em>. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng, n\u00f3 chuy\u1ec3n sang C\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o<\/em>.<\/li>\n
              • R\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c:<\/strong> Vi \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o trong v\u00f2ng 20ms k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi \u0111\u1ecdc b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                V\u00ed d\u1ee5 n\u00e0y minh h\u1ecda c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ed3ng l\u1ea5n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i X\u1eed l\u00fd<\/em> tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p v\u1edbi tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb<\/em> c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn (n\u1ebfu c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn \u0111ang chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfp theo), ho\u1eb7c n\u1ebfu h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t lu\u1ed3ng, th\u00ec c\u00e1ch c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn ph\u1ea3i ch\u1edd.<\/p>\n

                Nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch tr\u00e1nh ch\u00fang \ud83d\udeab<\/h2>\n

                Ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1eafc sai l\u1ea7m khi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u theo th\u1eddi gian. Nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn n\u00e0y gi\u00fap duy tr\u00ec t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3.<\/p>\n

                1. T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n<\/h3>\n

                M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 v\u1ebd c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh \u0111\u00fang th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i m\u1ea5t 10ms v\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i kh\u00e1c m\u1ea5t 100ms, bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh ph\u1ea3i th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 1:10. Vi\u1ec7c thang \u0111o kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n s\u1ebd khi\u1ebfn bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00e2y hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m.<\/p>\n

                  \n
                • Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p:<\/strong> S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u01b0\u1edbi ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u th\u1eddi gian r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng tr\u00ean tr\u1ee5c ngang.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                  2. L\u00e0m ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u00f3a c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/h3>\n

                  C\u1ed1 g\u1eafng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a m\u1ecdi thay \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m r\u1ed1i bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ecdi ph\u00e9p t\u00ednh n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ebd ra.<\/p>\n

                    \n
                  • Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p:<\/strong> Nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 li\u00ean quan v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9p tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i duy nh\u1ea5t (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: X\u1eed l\u00fd<\/em>thay v\u00ec \u0110\u1ecdc D\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/em> + X\u00e1c th\u1ef1c<\/em> + \u0110\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng<\/em>).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                    3. B\u1ecf qua t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi<\/h3>\n

                    Nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng song song. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 theo tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd b\u1ecf l\u1ee1 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ea1nh tranh quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n

                      \n
                    • Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng (lifelines) ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c tin nh\u1eafn ch\u1ed3ng l\u00ean nhau n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c thi song song.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                      4. Gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n th\u1eddi gian m\u01a1 h\u1ed3<\/h3>\n

                      S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef nh\u01b0 Nhanh<\/em> ho\u1eb7c S\u1edbm<\/em>l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 cho c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

                        \n
                      • Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p:<\/strong> Lu\u00f4n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 (ms, s, \u03bcs) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb3ng th\u1ee9c r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng (\u2264, \u2265).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                        C\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e2ng cao cho c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p \ud83d\ude80<\/h2>\n

                        Khi c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n, c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e2ng cao \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.<\/p>\n

                        1. M\u00e1y tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i l\u1ed3ng gh\u00e9p<\/h3>\n

                        C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i con. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch l\u1ed3ng c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n, ho\u1eb7c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ch\u00fa th\u00edch m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u1edbi c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i con.<\/p>\n

                        2. M\u1ea3nh th\u1eddi gian<\/h3>\n

                        T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c m\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh vi t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn ho\u1eb7c l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t m\u1ea3nh v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p<\/em>c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho th\u1ea5y chu k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ecdc c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn s\u1ebd l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

                        3. H\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ee3i tin nh\u1eafn<\/h3>\n

                        Trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9, c\u00e1c tin nh\u1eafn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp h\u00e0ng. Bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ee3i nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ec7m.<\/p>\n

                        4. Dao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 t\u00ednh bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i<\/h3>\n

                        C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf hi\u1ebfm khi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e9t \u0111\u1ee9t ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4 \u0111\u1eadm \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 dao \u0111\u1ed9ng (s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian) thay v\u00ec d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng li\u1ec1n cho c\u00e1c th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

                        T\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 UML kh\u00e1c \ud83d\udd17<\/h2>\n

                        S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f4 l\u1eadp. N\u00f3 b\u1ed5 sung cho c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 kh\u00e1c trong t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

                          \n
                        • S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u00e1y tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i:<\/strong>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 m\u00e1y tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh logic c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1eddi gian t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3.<\/li>\n
                        • S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n:<\/strong>X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian.<\/li>\n
                        • S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tri\u1ec3n khai:<\/strong>\u00c1nh x\u1ea1 c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng sang c\u00e1c n\u00fat v\u1eadt l\u00fd (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: CPU, N\u00fat c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn) \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 m\u1ea1ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                          S\u1ef1 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 logic c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. T\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tri\u1ec3n khai.<\/p>\n

                          C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \ud83d\udcdd<\/h2>\n

                          \u0110\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec, h\u00e3y tu\u00e2n theo c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

                            \n
                          • Gi\u1eef cho n\u00f3 d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ecdc:<\/strong>N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean qu\u00e1 r\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c qu\u00e1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, h\u00e3y chia n\u00f3 th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 (v\u00ed d\u1ee5:Ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/em> so v\u1edbi X\u1eed l\u00fd l\u1ed7i<\/em>).<\/li>\n
                          • S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n:<\/strong>X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t ch\u00fa th\u00edch cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e9t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/li>\n
                          • Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n:<\/strong>Xem s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian nh\u01b0 m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n. Nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u th\u1eddi gian c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t vi\u1ec7c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n
                          • H\u1ee3p t\u00e1c:<\/strong>Xem x\u00e9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng. Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1eb1m \u1edf giao \u0111i\u1ec3m gi\u1eefa hai l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                            K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn \ud83c\udfc1<\/h2>\n

                            M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Th\u1eddi gian UML cung c\u1ea5p khung c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u1ea3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n

                            H\u00e3y nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 v\u1ebd m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t h\u00e0nh vi theo th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. Tr\u00e1nh l\u00e0m ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u00f3a m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh, duy tr\u00ec c\u00e1c thang \u0111o nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n, v\u00e0 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p th\u00f4ng tin th\u1eddi gian v\u1edbi t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. V\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 tin v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua nh\u1eefng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                            Khi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5khic\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n x\u1ea3y ra l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5\u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra. C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":599,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Th\u1eddi gian UML: Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u00e0 R\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c Th\u1eddi gian \u23f1\ufe0f","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"H\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c th\u1eddi gian b\u1eb1ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Th\u1eddi gian UML. M\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1eb1m tr\u00e1nh s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.","fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[39,43],"class_list":["post-598","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-unified-modeling-language","tag-academic","tag-timing-diagram"],"yoast_head":"\nH\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Th\u1eddi gian UML: Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u00e0 R\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c Th\u1eddi gian \u23f1\ufe0f<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"H\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c th\u1eddi gian b\u1eb1ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Th\u1eddi gian UML. 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