{"id":576,"date":"2026-04-04T07:49:35","date_gmt":"2026-04-04T07:49:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.viz-tools.com\/vi\/why-uml-timing-diagrams-failing-early-career-engineers\/"},"modified":"2026-04-04T07:49:35","modified_gmt":"2026-04-04T07:49:35","slug":"why-uml-timing-diagrams-failing-early-career-engineers","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.viz-tools.com\/vi\/why-uml-timing-diagrams-failing-early-career-engineers\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u1ea1i sao c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian UML c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n l\u1ea1i th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i: M\u1ed9t ki\u1ec3m tra th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 tr\u1ebb tu\u1ed5i"},"content":{"rendered":"

N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111ang \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 ng\u1ed3i nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian h\u00e0ng gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3, tin r\u1eb1ng logic l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd, ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y n\u00f3 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tri\u1ec3n khai. B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed9c. C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m b\u1ecb hi\u1ec3u nh\u1ea7m nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t (UML). Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1, v\u1ed1n t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0oth\u1ee9 t\u1ef1<\/strong>c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian l\u1ea1i t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0otr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/strong>v\u00e0th\u1eddi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/strong>c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi gian. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 n\u01a1i m\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 tr\u1ebb tu\u1ed5i v\u1ea5p ng\u00e3.<\/p>\n

Nhi\u1ec1u k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 coi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ‘s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3’. S\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u00e2y nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn, kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean v\u00f4 d\u1ee5ng trong ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Trong h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd ph\u00e2n t\u00edch l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111ang th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t khung c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 th\u1eddi gian ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

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\"Hand-drawn<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

S\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n: Th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 so v\u1edbi Th\u1eddi gian \u23f3<\/h2>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi v\u1ebd b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng n\u00e0o, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ‘Ai n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi ai v\u00e0 theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 n\u00e0o?’. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ‘Khi n\u00e0o tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i thay \u0111\u1ed5i, v\u00e0 m\u1ea5t bao l\u00e2u?’.<\/p>\n

Khi b\u1ea1n c\u1ed1 nh\u00e9t logic tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 v\u00e0o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c. Tr\u1ee5c ngang \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n choth\u1eddi gian<\/strong>, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0:<\/p>\n

    \n
  • T\u00ednh t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng:<\/strong>N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 m\u1ea5t 500 mili gi\u00e2y, th\u00ec n\u00f3 n\u00ean chi\u1ebfm nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng gian th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 m\u1ea5t 5 mili gi\u00e2y. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n v\u1ebd ch\u00fang nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng kh\u1ed1i b\u1eb1ng nhau, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd m\u1ea5t d\u1eef li\u1ec7u quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5.<\/li>\n
  • T\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi l\u00e0 vua:<\/strong>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc trong vi\u1ec7c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh song song. N\u1ebfu hai thao t\u00e1c x\u1ea3y ra \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang n\u00ean ch\u1ed3ng l\u1ea5n nhau theo chi\u1ec1u ngang. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u00e9p ph\u1ea3i nh\u00ecn theo chi\u1ec1u tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh, che gi\u1ea5u th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf n\u00e0y.<\/li>\n
  • Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i l\u00e0 tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m:<\/strong>\u0110\u01a1n v\u1ecb mang th\u00f4ng tin ch\u00ednh trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian l\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n tin nh\u1eafn b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn khi\u1ebfn s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng \ud83d\uded1<\/h2>\n

    H\u00e3y c\u00f9ng xem x\u00e9t nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. Nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 l\u1ed7i c\u00fa ph\u00e1p; ch\u00fang l\u00e0 l\u1ed7i m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n

    1. B\u1ecf qua thang \u0111o tr\u1ee5c th\u1eddi gian \ud83d\udccf<\/h3>\n

    M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u1ee5c th\u1eddi gian tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh. N\u1ebfu s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eedi \u0111i v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i tr\u1edf v\u1ec1, nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 thang \u0111o, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 thi.<\/p>\n

    Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p:<\/strong>Lu\u00f4n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh thang \u0111o th\u1eddi gian. N\u1ebfu s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c, h\u00e3y ghi nh\u00e3n tr\u1ee5c theo mili gi\u00e2y ho\u1eb7c vi gi\u00e2y. N\u1ebfu n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho quy tr\u00ecnh kinh doanh, h\u00e3y ghi nh\u00e3n theo ng\u00e0y ho\u1eb7c gi\u1edd. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 thang \u0111o, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u1ec9 mang t\u00ednh bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 m\u1ea5t \u0111i s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh ph\u00e2n t\u00edch.<\/p>\n

    2. Qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \ud83d\udd0b<\/h3>\n

    C\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 tr\u1ebb th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng ghi l\u1ea1i m\u1ecdi l\u1eddi g\u1ecdi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c ri\u00eang l\u1ebb tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng duy nh\u1ea5t. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t h\u1ed7n \u0111\u1ed9n nh\u01b0 m\u00ec \u0103n li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c thanh k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t.<\/p>\n

    Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p:<\/strong>Gom c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau. N\u1ebfu \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng A \u0111ang x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong 100ms, h\u00e3y hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb m\u1ed9t thanh k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t duy nh\u1ea5t k\u00e9o d\u00e0i 100ms. Ch\u1ec9 chia nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n n\u1ebfu tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng t\u1eadp trung \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00f3ng to v\u00e0o c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

    3. Nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn tin nh\u1eafn b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \ud83d\udce5<\/h3>\n

    Khi \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng A g\u1eedi m\u1ed9t tin nh\u1eafn b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng B, \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng A ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c. \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng B b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c sau \u0111\u00f3. C\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ebd tin nh\u1eafn d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng li\u1ec1n n\u00e9t v\u1edbi m\u0169i t\u00ean h\u1edf (\u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9) ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecf qua vi\u1ec7c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian.<\/p>\n

    Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p:<\/strong>R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9. C\u00e1c tin nh\u1eafn b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 c\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m g\u1eedi v\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ti\u1ebfp theo \u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn. Kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho th\u1eddi gian h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ee3i ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 m\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n

    4. B\u1ecf qua tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u201cCh\u1edd\u201d \u23f8\ufe0f<\/h3>\n

    C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u00e0nh r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i. Trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1, tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ch\u1edd l\u00e0 v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh. Trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian, tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ch\u1edd l\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

    Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p:<\/strong>R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ebd c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian \u201ckh\u00f4ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng\u201d ho\u1eb7c \u201c\u0111ang ch\u1edd\u201d. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t lu\u1ed3ng b\u1ecb ch\u1eb7n b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t semaphore, h\u00e3y th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 ch\u1eb7n \u0111\u00f3 tr\u00ean d\u00f2ng th\u1eddi gian. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ngh\u1ebdn kh\u00f4ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n

    C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch \u26a1<\/h2>\n

    T\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng l\u00e0 n\u01a1i ch\u00fang d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb v\u1ebd sai nh\u1ea5t. B\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u0111ang ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

    X\u1eed l\u00fd song song so v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c thi tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1<\/h3>\n

    X\u00e9t m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng t\u1ea3i l\u00ean m\u1ed9t t\u1ec7p. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea3i:<\/p>\n

      \n
    • Qu\u00e9t t\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n virus.<\/li>\n
    • Thay \u0111\u1ed5i k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc h\u00ecnh thu nh\u1ecf c\u1ee7a \u1ea3nh.<\/li>\n
    • Ghi l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n t\u1ea3i l\u00ean.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      Ba t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n v\u1ebd ch\u00fang theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 qu\u00e1 cao th\u1eddi gian t\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

      Bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n tr\u1ef1c quan:<\/strong>V\u1ebd ba \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng. \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c thanh k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t cho c\u1ea3 ba b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1ea1i c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m ngang. S\u1ef1 c\u0103n ch\u1ec9nh tr\u1ef1c quan n\u00e0y ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t r\u1eb1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd song song.<\/p>\n

      S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00f9ng t\u1eadp trung \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd th\u1eddi gian ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p<\/h3>\n

      Khi m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 r\u1ea5t nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian, \u0111\u1eebng l\u00e0m r\u1ed1i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u00ednh. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00f9ng t\u1eadp trung (m\u1ed9t khung bao quanh m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3) \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00f3ng to chi ti\u1ebft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
      T\u00ednh n\u0103ng<\/th>\n\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n<\/th>\nV\u00f9ng t\u1eadp trung<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
      M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch<\/strong><\/td>\nT\u1ed5ng quan c\u1ea5p cao<\/td>\nPh\u00e2n t\u00edch s\u00e2u v\u00e0o khung th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 chi ti\u1ebft<\/strong><\/td>\nChi ti\u1ebft th\u00f4<\/td>\nChi ti\u1ebft tinh (microgi\u00e2y)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      \u0110\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p<\/strong><\/td>\nTh\u1ea5p<\/td>\nCao<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/strong><\/td>\nXem x\u00e9t ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac<\/td>\nT\u1ed1i \u01b0u hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

      B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng t\u1eadp trung, b\u1ea1n duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u00ednh trong khi cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho vi\u1ec7c g\u1ee1 l\u1ed7i.<\/p>\n

      X\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c \ud83d\udd52<\/h2>\n

      Trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u00fang ho\u1eb7c giao d\u1ecbch t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t cao, th\u1eddi gian kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chi ti\u1ebft; \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n b\u1ecf l\u1ee1 m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1c th\u1eddi gian, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ebd th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

      X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c m\u1ed1c th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 chu k\u1ef3<\/h3>\n

      \u0110\u1eebng ch\u1ec9 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ch\u00fa th\u00edch v\u0103n b\u1ea3n. H\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef tr\u1ef1c quan c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c.<\/p>\n

        \n
      • \u0110i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u m\u1ed1c th\u1eddi gian:<\/strong>Ch\u1ec9 ra th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn. N\u1ebfu ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ebfn sau \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, th\u00ec n\u00f3 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7.<\/li>\n
      • T\u00ednh chu k\u1ef3:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i (nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ecdc c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn), h\u00e3y hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        V\u00ed d\u1ee5 t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng:<\/strong> M\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ecdc m\u1ed7i 500ms. B\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecdc gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh trong v\u00f2ng 10ms. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n v\u1ebd qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecdc m\u1ea5t 20ms, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ebd ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o vi ph\u1ea1m thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

        Chi ph\u00ed ‘\u1ea9n’ c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian k\u00e9m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \ud83d\udcc9<\/h2>\n

        T\u1ea1i sao \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i quan tr\u1ecdng? V\u00ec c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 k\u00e9m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n k\u00e9m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n

        1. \u0110\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 b\u1ecb hi\u1ec3u nh\u1ea7m<\/h3>\n

        N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 trong \u0111\u00f3 hai qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1ea3y ra tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 b\u1ecb ch\u1eb7n. N\u1ebfu s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf ng\u1ee5 \u00fd t\u00ednh song song, nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tri\u1ec3n khai m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m lu\u1ed3ng. S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa m\u00e3 b\u1ecb ch\u1eb7n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ch\u1eb7n l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t b\u0103ng th\u00f4ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

        2. \u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ea1nh tranh<\/h3>\n

        C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian gi\u00fap tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ea1nh tranh. N\u1ebfu hai lu\u1ed3ng truy c\u1eadp c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 h\u00f3a ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ebd hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u00e1c thanh truy c\u1eadp ch\u1ed3ng ch\u00e9o nhau. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n b\u1ecf qua b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y, \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ea1nh tranh ch\u1ec9 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n sau khi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m.<\/p>\n

        3. Xung \u0111\u1ed9t t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean<\/h3>\n

        B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khi n\u00e0o CPU ho\u1eb7c b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb s\u1ebd t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ‘b\u1ea7y \u0111\u00e0n s\u1ea5m s\u00e9t’ khi qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh c\u00f9ng th\u1ee9c d\u1eady v\u00e0o c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m.<\/p>\n

        C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u2705<\/h2>\n

        \u0110\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb ‘th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i’ sang ‘hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3’, h\u00e3y tu\u00e2n theo danh s\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra n\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

          \n
        • X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea1m vi:<\/strong> B\u1ea1n \u0111ang m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng hay m\u1ed9t giao d\u1ecbch c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3? \u0110\u1eebng c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng ghi l\u1ea1i m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 trong m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn.<\/li>\n
        • Thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng:<\/strong> B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t. Hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u00e1ch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ch\u1edd sang tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/li>\n
        • S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n:<\/strong>Tu\u00e2n theo k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n cho c\u00e1c tin nh\u1eafn (\u0111\u01b0\u1eddng li\u1ec1n so v\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ee9t \u0111o\u1ea1n) v\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i (h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt tr\u00f2n so v\u1edbi h\u00ecnh s\u1eafc n\u00e9t). S\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n s\u1ebd l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc b\u1ed1i r\u1ed1i.<\/li>\n
        • Ghi nh\u00e3n \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb th\u1eddi gian:<\/strong>Kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ee5c th\u1eddi gian kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u00e3n. \u0110\u01a1n v\u1ecb nh\u01b0 \u201cms\u201d, \u201cs\u201d hay \u201cchu k\u1ef3\u201d l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/li>\n
        • Xem x\u00e9t c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n:<\/strong>\u0110\u1eebng ch\u1ec9 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0. H\u00e3y tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y cho c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 s\u1ebd tri\u1ec3n khai n\u00f3. H\u1ecd s\u1ebd ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra c\u00e1c th\u1eddi gian kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          Khi KH\u00d4NG n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian \ud83d\udeab<\/h2>\n

          S\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c bi\u1ebft khi n\u00e0o n\u00ean d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p th\u1ea7n k\u1ef3. Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00fang \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p s\u1ebd t\u1ed1n th\u1eddi gian.<\/p>\n

            \n
          • D\u00f2ng logic \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n:<\/strong>N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb \u201c\u0110\u0103ng nh\u1eadp -> Ki\u1ec3m tra DB -> Hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb trang\u201d, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 s\u1ebd nhanh h\u01a1n v\u00e0 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n
          • Quy t\u1eafc kinh doanh tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng:<\/strong>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian x\u1eed l\u00fd th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c thi c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. Ch\u00fang k\u00e9m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong vi\u1ec7c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh logic kinh doanh nh\u01b0 \u201cN\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean cao c\u1ea5p, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n X.\u201d<\/li>\n
          • S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh:<\/strong>N\u1ebfu th\u1eddi gian ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t (nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 m\u1ea1ng), s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c sai l\u1ea7m v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. H\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 cho c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng x\u1ea5u nh\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            Ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n l\u1ed7i cho c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 \ud83d\udd0d<\/h2>\n

            B\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c sai? D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

              \n
            1. Ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u:<\/strong>M\u1ed7i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1ea1i c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m logic kh\u00f4ng? N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u mu\u1ed9n h\u01a1n, h\u00e3y gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch l\u00fd do. \u0110\u00f3 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 hay m\u1ed9t lu\u1ed3ng ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t?<\/li>\n
            2. Theo d\u00f5i c\u00e1c thanh k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t:<\/strong>Ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t thanh. Li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd khi \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng? N\u1ebfu qu\u00e1 d\u00e0i, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3 \u0111ang l\u00e0m qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c? N\u1ebfu qu\u00e1 ng\u1eafn, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3 \u0111ang b\u1ecf s\u00f3t c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c?<\/li>\n
            3. X\u00e1c minh s\u1ef1 giao nhau c\u1ee7a tin nh\u1eafn:<\/strong>C\u00e1c tin nh\u1eafn c\u00f3 giao nhau v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00fang th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00f4ng? M\u1ed9t tin nh\u1eafn g\u1eedi t\u1ea1i T=10 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn t\u1ea1i T>=10. N\u1ebfu n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn t\u1ea1i T=5, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u1eadt l\u00fd.<\/li>\n
            4. T\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng:<\/strong>C\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tin nh\u1eafn n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eedi kh\u00f4ng? \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ng\u1ee5 \u00fd qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng?<\/li>\n
            5. X\u00e1c minh tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i k\u1ebft th\u00fac:<\/strong>S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1ch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ch\u1edd kh\u00f4ng? Hay n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng treo l\u1ea1i?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

              Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p: B\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec7m k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \ud83d\uddc3\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

              H\u00e3y \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec7m k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i. H\u00e3y t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 web \u0111ang x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

              T\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng:<\/strong>M\u1ed9t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn. M\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 c\u1ea7n truy xu\u1ea5t d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. B\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec7m c\u00f3 5 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n

              S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 k\u00e9m:<\/strong>Hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111ang ch\u1edd k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i, sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 truy v\u1ea5n, r\u1ed3i ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i. N\u00f3 tr\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ebb tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra n\u1ebfu b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec7m tr\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n

              S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u00fang:<\/strong><\/p>\n

                \n
              • D\u00e2y s\u1ed1ng 1: B\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd y\u00eau c\u1ea7u<\/strong> (G\u1eedi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u).<\/li>\n
              • D\u00e2y s\u1ed1ng 2: B\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec7m k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i<\/strong> (Ki\u1ec3m tra kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng).<\/li>\n
              • D\u00e2y s\u1ed1ng 3: C\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/strong> (X\u1eed l\u00fd truy v\u1ea5n).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                N\u1ebfu b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ea7y, d\u00e2y s\u1ed1ng B\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd y\u00eau c\u1ea7u s\u1ebd hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ‘Ch\u1edd’ trong su\u1ed1t th\u1eddi gian timeout. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y minh h\u1ecda \u0111i\u1ec3m ngh\u1ebdn. N\u1ebfu b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec7m c\u00f2n tr\u1ed1ng, d\u00e2y s\u1ed1ng B\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd y\u00eau c\u1ea7u s\u1ebd chuy\u1ec3n ngay sang tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ‘Truy v\u1ea5n \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eedi’.<\/p>\n

                S\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 cho b\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c bao nhi\u00eau y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ‘Ch\u1edd’ tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i chi\u1ebfm \u01b0u th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

                T\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc khi \u0111\u1ecdc s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian \ud83e\udde0<\/h2>\n

                Ngay c\u1ea3 khi b\u1ea1n v\u1ebd s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o, n\u00f3 v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i n\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi t\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t so v\u1edbi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1.<\/p>\n

                Qu\u00e9t theo chi\u1ec1u ngang:<\/strong> Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc ph\u1ea3i qu\u00e9t t\u1eeb tr\u00e1i sang ph\u1ea3i trong khi theo d\u00f5i nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ecdc. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f3 h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c qu\u00e9t t\u1eeb tr\u00ean xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

                Th\u1ee9 b\u1eadc th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c:<\/strong> S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m logic. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 ba lu\u1ed3ng song song, h\u00e3y ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u00fang. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t lu\u1ed3ng ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lu\u1ed3ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3, h\u00e3y l\u00e0m cho lu\u1ed3ng ch\u00ednh n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

                M\u00e0u s\u1eafc v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng:<\/strong> M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 UML ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n l\u00e0 \u0111en tr\u1eafng, nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e0u s\u1eafc (trong c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i) \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 ra m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u01b0u ti\u00ean ho\u1eb7c m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 h\u1eefu \u00edch. \u0110\u1ecf cho th\u1eddi gian ch\u1edd h\u1ebft h\u1ea1n, xanh cho th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, v\u00e0ng cho c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o.<\/p>\n

                T\u00f3m t\u1eaft c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng \ud83d\udcdd<\/h2>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
                Kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh<\/th>\nS\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1<\/th>\nS\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
                Tr\u1ee5c ch\u00ednh<\/strong><\/td>\nTh\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n<\/td>\nTh\u1eddi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1eddi gian<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                T\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho<\/strong><\/td>\nLu\u1ed3ng logic<\/td>\nHi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi<\/strong><\/td>\nNg\u1ea7m hi\u1ec3u<\/td>\nR\u00f5 r\u00e0ng<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                S\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/strong><\/td>\nT\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c<\/td>\nT\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

                Nh\u1eefng suy ngh\u0129 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng v\u1ec1 giao ti\u1ebfp k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \ud83e\udd1d<\/h2>\n

                UML l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 giao ti\u1ebfp, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7. N\u1ebfu s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111ang th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 do ch\u00fang \u0111ang c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng gi\u1ed1ng qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u v\u1edbi th\u1ee9 g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

                Ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian. T\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o th\u1eddi gian, tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u00e0 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi. H\u00e3y ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thang \u0111o. \u0110\u1eebng ng\u1ea1i b\u1ecf qua nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn logic th\u1eddi gian. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 \u0111\u1ecdc n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

                Khi b\u1ea1n v\u1ebd \u0111\u00fang nh\u1eefng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3. B\u1ea1n ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ea1nh tranh tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u00fang x\u1ea3y ra. B\u1ea1n ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e0ng tu\u1ea7n cho vi\u1ec7c g\u1ee1 l\u1ed7i. \u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 tin l\u1eb7ng l\u1ebd c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 c\u1ea5p cao. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c vi\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e3 nh\u1ea5t; m\u00e0 l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 ranh gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft ra.<\/p>\n

                B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ki\u1ec3m tra l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n ngay h\u00f4m nay. \u00c1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc v\u1ec1 thang \u0111o, t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi v\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i. B\u1ea1n s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c. \ud83d\ude80<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111ang \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 ng\u1ed3i nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian h\u00e0ng gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3, tin r\u1eb1ng logic l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd, ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":577,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"T\u1ea1i sao s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian UML c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111ang th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i | Ki\u1ec3m tra th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"C\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 m\u1edbi v\u00e0o ngh\u1ec1 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m sai s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian UML. 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