{"id":568,"date":"2026-04-04T12:36:48","date_gmt":"2026-04-04T12:36:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.viz-tools.com\/vi\/uml-timing-diagrams-embedded-deadlock-case-study\/"},"modified":"2026-04-04T12:36:48","modified_gmt":"2026-04-04T12:36:48","slug":"uml-timing-diagrams-embedded-deadlock-case-study","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.viz-tools.com\/vi\/uml-timing-diagrams-embedded-deadlock-case-study\/","title":{"rendered":"Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf: S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian UML \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 k\u1eb9t trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u00fang"},"content":{"rendered":"

C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u00fang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng. Khi nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh c\u1ea1nh tranh t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean chung m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb d\u1eebng v\u00f4 th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n. Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 k\u1eb9t. Trong c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 r\u1ee7i ro cao nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n \u00f4 t\u00f4, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb y t\u1ebf v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng duy nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng. \u0110\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd nh\u1eefng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c. Trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian UML n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 theo th\u1eddi gian gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n

H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf n\u01a1i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian UML \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 then ch\u1ed1t trong vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n v\u00e0 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng k\u1eb9t dai d\u1eb3ng. Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3, b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u00e0nh vi theo th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee7a t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ngh\u1ebdn tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai l\u00ean ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n

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\"Kawaii<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

Chi ph\u00ed \u1ea9n c\u1ee7a t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u00fang \u26a0\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m nh\u00fang hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i hi\u1ebfm khi c\u00f3 t\u00ednh tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c ng\u1eaft, c\u00e1c t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 n\u1ec1n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea1y, n\u00f3 l\u1ea1i t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp l\u1ed7i c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 m\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch m\u00e3 t\u0129nh th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecf qua. Nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i n\u00e0y x\u1ea3y ra khi c\u00e1c ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ch\u1edd m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u00ec t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean m\u00e0 ch\u00fang c\u1ea7n \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c gi\u1eef, ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i \u0111ang ch\u1edd ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c th\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb:<\/p>\n

    \n
  • C\u1ea1nh tranh t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean:<\/strong>Nhi\u1ec1u lu\u1ed3ng c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng truy c\u1eadp c\u00f9ng l\u00fac v\u00e0o b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec7m b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb chung ho\u1eb7c bus ngo\u1ea1i vi.<\/li>\n
  • \u0110\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0u ti\u00ean:<\/strong>M\u1ed9t t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 \u01b0u ti\u00ean cao b\u1ecb ch\u1eb7n b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 \u01b0u ti\u00ean th\u1ea5p \u0111ang gi\u1eef t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/li>\n
  • Sai l\u1ec7ch th\u1eddi gian:<\/strong>M\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n mong \u0111\u1ee3i t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebfn trong m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eedi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng theo chu k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 kh\u00e1c.<\/li>\n
  • K\u1eb9t:<\/strong>\u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ch\u1edd v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ho\u1eb7c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng minh h\u1ecda lu\u1ed3ng logic nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 tin nh\u1eafn nh\u01b0ng th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecf qua th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1. \u0110\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng k\u1eb9t li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi gian, ta ph\u1ea3i xem x\u00e9t ch\u00ednh b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n d\u00f2ng th\u1eddi gian.<\/p>\n

    T\u1ea1i sao s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 lu\u1ed3ng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i b\u1ecf s\u00f3t \ud83d\udcc9<\/h2>\n

    Nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00f3m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 UML ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n nh\u01b0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1edbp ho\u1eb7c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 h\u1eefu \u00edch cho c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 logic, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang thi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed9 chi ti\u1ebft theo th\u1eddi gian.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Lo\u1ea1i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3<\/th>\nTr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m ch\u00ednh<\/th>\nH\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf trong ph\u00e2n t\u00edch k\u1eb9t<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
    S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/td>\nLu\u1ed3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n<\/td>\nKh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c s\u1ef1 ch\u1ed3ng ch\u00e9o.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1<\/td>\nTh\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 tin nh\u1eafn<\/td>\nTr\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ee9ng mang t\u00ednh logic, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft l\u00e0 theo th\u1eddi gian.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    M\u00e1y tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/td>\nTr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/td>\nT\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c th\u1eddi gian.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian UML<\/strong><\/td>\nTh\u1eddi gian & T\u00edn hi\u1ec7u<\/strong><\/td>\nLi\u1ec7t k\u00ea r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u00e1c t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    Khi x\u1ea3y ra k\u1eb9t ngh\u1ebdn, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 do Nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 A \u0111ang gi\u1eef T\u00e0i nguy\u00ean X v\u00e0 ch\u1edd T\u00e0i nguy\u00ean Y, trong khi Nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 B \u0111ang gi\u1eef T\u00e0i nguy\u00ean Y v\u00e0 ch\u1edd T\u00e0i nguy\u00ean X. N\u1ebfu th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c trao \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ebd b\u1ecb treo. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Th\u1eddi gian gi\u00fap tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y, l\u00e0m cho m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1ed3ng l\u1ea5n nhau m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng.<\/p>\n

    Gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Th\u1eddi gian UML cho Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch Th\u1eddi gian Th\u1ef1c \ud83d\udd52<\/h2>\n

    S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Th\u1eddi gian UML l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t. N\u00f3 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn theo th\u1eddi gian. Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u00fang, c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u, thanh ghi ho\u1eb7c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5.<\/p>\n

    C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n

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    • \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng:<\/strong>\u0110\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n tham gia t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t l\u00f5i CPU, tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn ho\u1eb7c b\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb.<\/li>\n
    • Tr\u1ee5c Th\u1eddi gian:<\/strong>Tr\u1ee5c ngang \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho s\u1ef1 tr\u00f4i qua c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi gian, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o b\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 chu k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 ho\u1eb7c mili gi\u00e2y.<\/li>\n
    • Thay \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i:<\/strong>C\u00e1c thanh d\u1ecdc ho\u1eb7c v\u00f9ng cho bi\u1ebft khi n\u00e0o m\u1ed9t t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng (cao) hay kh\u00f4ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng (th\u1ea5p).<\/li>\n
    • S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n:<\/strong>Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 trong th\u1eddi gian x\u1ea3y ra chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 c\u1ea1nh t\u0103ng tr\u00ean ch\u00e2n ng\u1eaft.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch l\u1eadp b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u1eeb l\u00fac kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ebfn khi ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh, c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng n\u01a1i m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh b\u1ecb k\u1eb9t v\u00ec ch\u1edd t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ebfn do vi ph\u1ea1m r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c th\u1eddi gian.<\/p>\n

      Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p: B\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n G\u1ed9p c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn T\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng \ud83d\ude97\ud83e\udd16<\/h2>\n

      \u0110\u1ec3 minh h\u1ecda quy tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y, h\u00e3y xem x\u00e9t m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f4-\u0111un g\u1ed9p c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn xe t\u1ef1 h\u00e0nh. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb LiDAR, Radar v\u00e0 Camera \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t. Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac n\u00e0y d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ba lu\u1ed3ng x\u1eed l\u00fd ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t \u0111ang ch\u1ea1y tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t vi \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n \u0111a l\u00f5i.<\/p>\n

      T\u1ed5ng quan Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/h3>\n
        \n
      • Lu\u1ed3ng A (Tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n C\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn):<\/strong>Thu th\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u00f4 t\u1eeb c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ngo\u1ea1i vi. N\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng theo m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ebfm ng\u1eaft c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/li>\n
      • Lu\u1ed3ng B (B\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd Ti\u1ec1n):<\/strong>L\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi g\u1ed9p. N\u00f3 ch\u1ea1y nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u01b0u ti\u00ean cao.<\/li>\n
      • Lu\u1ed3ng C (\u0110\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 G\u1ed9p):<\/strong>T\u00ednh to\u00e1n v\u1ecb tr\u00ed v\u00e0 v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng. N\u00f3 ch\u1ea1y nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u01b0u ti\u00ean trung b\u00ecnh.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        C\u1ea3 ba lu\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u chia s\u1ebb m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec7m v\u00f2ng chung \u0111\u1ec3 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0o b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec7m n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f3a mutex. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng treo ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean trong c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng t\u1ea3i cao, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 khi nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

        M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a T\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng K\u1eb9t ngh\u1ebdn \ud83d\udee0\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

        B\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft l\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u00e0nh vi mong \u0111\u1ee3i b\u1eb1ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Th\u1eddi gian UML. Vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch v\u1ebd nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c tranh \u0111\u1eb9p m\u1eaft, m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh vi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi nh\u1eadt k\u00fd th\u1ef1c thi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

        Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u sau cho truy c\u1eadp b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec7m:<\/p>\n

          \n
        • KH\u00d3A_\u0110\u00c3_TAKE:<\/strong>M\u1ed9t lu\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0o b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec7m.<\/li>\n
        • \u0110ANG CH\u1edc:<\/strong>M\u1ed9t lu\u1ed3ng b\u1ecb ch\u1eb7n, \u0111ang ch\u1edd kh\u00f3a.<\/li>\n
        • \u0110\u00c3 GI\u1ea2I PH\u00d3NG:<\/strong>Kh\u00f3a \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1eef tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng.<\/li>\n
        • H\u1ebeT GI\u1edaI H\u1ea0N:<\/strong>Th\u1eddi gian ch\u1edd v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n cho ph\u00e9p t\u1ed1i \u0111a.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ban \u0111\u1ea7u gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng Lu\u1ed3ng B lu\u00f4n gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f3a tr\u01b0\u1edbc Lu\u1ed3ng C, do c\u00e1c c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t \u01b0u ti\u00ean. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ng\u1eaft t\u1eeb Lu\u1ed3ng A c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 l\u00fac n\u00e0o, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chi\u1ebfm quy\u1ec1n t\u1eeb Lu\u1ed3ng B ngay khi Lu\u1ed3ng B \u0111ang gi\u1eef kh\u00f3a.<\/p>\n

          Tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c<\/h3>\n

          S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u1edbi ba \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eddi gian t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng. Tr\u1ee5c th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thang \u0111o \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian 10 mili gi\u00e2y, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng cho v\u00f2ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

            \n
          • 0ms \u2013 1ms:<\/strong>Lu\u1ed3ng B gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f3a.<\/li>\n
          • 1ms \u2013 3ms:<\/strong>Lu\u1ed3ng B x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n
          • 3ms:<\/strong>M\u1ed9t ng\u1eaft x\u1ea3y ra, k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t Lu\u1ed3ng A.<\/li>\n
          • 3ms \u2013 5ms:<\/strong>Lu\u1ed3ng A c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng gi\u00e0nh kh\u00f3a (b\u1ecb ch\u1eb7n).<\/li>\n
          • 5ms:<\/strong>Lu\u1ed3ng B gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng kh\u00f3a.<\/li>\n
          • 5ms \u2013 6ms:<\/strong>Lu\u1ed3ng C c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng gi\u00e0nh kh\u00f3a (b\u1ecb chi\u1ebfm quy\u1ec1n b\u1edfi ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh ng\u1eaft c\u1ee7a Lu\u1ed3ng A).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            D\u00e3y s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m y\u1ebfu nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng. S\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0u ti\u00ean khi\u1ebfn Lu\u1ed3ng A gi\u1eef CPU, ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n Lu\u1ed3ng C ch\u1ea1y, trong khi Lu\u1ed3ng A \u0111ang ch\u1edd Lu\u1ed3ng B ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n do ng\u1eaft.<\/p>\n

            X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111i\u1ec3m ngh\u1ebdn v\u1edbi tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \ud83d\udd0d<\/h2>\n

            Khi ki\u1ec3m tra k\u1ef9 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian, m\u1ed9t m\u1eabu c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n. Truy c\u1eadp b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec7m v\u00f2ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 thao t\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed. Vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e0nh kh\u00f3a v\u00e0 ghi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi g\u1ecdi h\u00e0m li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn thao t\u00e1c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i m\u1ea1ng cho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t.<\/p>\n

            S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 cho th\u1ea5y kh\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i h\u01a1n ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 ng\u1eaft. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u1ebfu ng\u1eaft x\u1ea3y ra trong \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u00e3 quan tr\u1ecdng, lu\u1ed3ng \u0111ang ch\u1edd s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c d\u1eady cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi thao t\u00e1c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i m\u1ea1ng ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

            B\u1ea3ng vi ph\u1ea1m th\u1eddi gian<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
            \u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n<\/th>\nTh\u1eddi gian d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn<\/th>\nTh\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan s\u00e1t)<\/th>\nT\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
            Th\u1eddi gian gi\u1eef kh\u00f3a<\/td>\n< 2ms<\/td>\n4,5ms<\/td>\n\u0110\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 cao<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            Ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i ng\u1eaft<\/td>\n< 1ms<\/td>\n6ms<\/td>\nV\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec7m<\/td>\nNgay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c<\/td>\nCh\u1eadm tr\u1ec5 do m\u1ea1ng<\/td>\nR\u1ee7i ro k\u1eb9t h\u00e0ng<\/td>\n

            \td>
            \n <\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

            Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 Th\u1eddi gian UML \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m r\u00f5 r\u1eb1ng \u201cth\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn m\u1ea1ng\u201d l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y ra v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. S\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c x\u1ea3y ra b\u00ean trong m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u00e3 quan tr\u1ecdng, m\u1ed9t m\u1eabu b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m trong l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c. Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 cho th\u1ea5y tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng Kh\u00f3a tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p v\u1edbi tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a lu\u1ed3ng M\u1ea1ng, t\u1ea1o ra t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng k\u1eb9t h\u00e0ng n\u01a1i lu\u1ed3ng m\u1ea1ng ch\u1edd b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec7m, c\u00f2n lu\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec7m l\u1ea1i ch\u1edd lu\u1ed3ng m\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n

            Tri\u1ec3n khai c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u1eddi gian \ud83d\udee0\ufe0f\u2705<\/h2>\n

            Sau khi x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c vi ph\u1ea1m v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian, \u0111\u1ed9i k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u th\u1eddi gian t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c ng\u1eaft c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1m d\u1eebng c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u00e3 quan tr\u1ecdng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch an to\u00e0n.<\/p>\n

            Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c 1: Gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ee7a kh\u00f3a<\/h3>\n
              \n
            • T\u00e1ch thao t\u00e1c sao ch\u00e9p d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u1ecfi thao t\u00e1c truy\u1ec1n m\u1ea1ng.<\/li>\n
            • Ch\u1ec9 l\u1ea5y kh\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 sao ch\u00e9p d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0o b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec7m c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9.<\/li>\n
            • Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng kh\u00f3a ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c.<\/li>\n
            • Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n truy\u1ec1n m\u1ea1ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u00e3 quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c 2: Giao th\u1ee9c k\u1ebf th\u1eeba \u01b0u ti\u00ean<\/h3>\n
                \n
              • Khi m\u1ed9t lu\u1ed3ng \u01b0u ti\u00ean cao \u0111ang ch\u1edd t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean do m\u1ed9t lu\u1ed3ng \u01b0u ti\u00ean th\u1ea5p gi\u1eef, lu\u1ed3ng \u01b0u ti\u00ean th\u1ea5p s\u1ebd t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi k\u1ebf th\u1eeba \u01b0u ti\u00ean cao h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n
              • \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n lu\u1ed3ng \u01b0u ti\u00ean cao b\u1ecb ch\u1eb7n v\u00f4 th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t ng\u1eaft \u01b0u ti\u00ean trung b\u00ecnh.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c 3: C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf th\u1eddi gian ch\u1edd<\/h3>\n
                  \n
                • Thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp th\u1eddi gian ch\u1edd khi l\u1ea5y kh\u00f3a.<\/li>\n
                • N\u1ebfu kh\u00f3a kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb tr\u00ean bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 UML (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: 5ms), t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 n\u00ean h\u1ee7y b\u1ecf v\u00e0 b\u00e1o l\u1ed7i thay v\u00ec ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i m\u00e3i m\u00e3i.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                  Sau khi \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y, bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 Th\u1eddi gian UML \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh h\u00e0nh vi mong \u0111\u1ee3i m\u1edbi. M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh m\u1edbi cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 gi\u1eefa \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng Kh\u00f3a v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng M\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m \u0111i.<\/p>\n

                  Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c minh v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng \ud83d\udcca<\/h2>\n

                  M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t chu k\u1ef3 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp trong bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3.<\/p>\n

                    \n
                  • Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u1eddi gian t\u0129nh:<\/strong>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c minh r\u1eb1ng th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c thi tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p x\u1ea5u nh\u1ea5t (WCET) n\u1eb1m trong c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3.<\/li>\n
                  • Ghi nh\u1eadt k\u00fd \u0111\u1ed9ng:<\/strong>Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ec3 ghi l\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng kh\u00f3a. So s\u00e1nh c\u00e1c nh\u1eadt k\u00fd n\u00e0y v\u1edbi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh UML.<\/li>\n
                  • Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed t\u1ea3i n\u1eb7ng:<\/strong>M\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n t\u1ea3i cao khi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ebft m\u00e1y kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea3y ra l\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec9nh.<\/li>\n
                  • Xem x\u00e9t m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n:<\/strong>\u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o c\u00e1c l\u1eddi g\u1ecdi ch\u1eb7n b\u00ean trong c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u00e3 quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n t\u00edch.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                    Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u00e1c minh \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn th\u1eddi gian gi\u1eef kh\u00f3a gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi 1ms, n\u1eb1m trong gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 ng\u1eaft. Thao t\u00e1c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i m\u1ea1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n x\u1ea3y ra b\u00ean trong \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u00e3 quan tr\u1ecdng, lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ch\u1edd v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n.<\/p>\n

                    Nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a th\u1eddi gian \u26a0\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

                    Ngay c\u1ea3 v\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1eafc sai l\u1ea7m khi t\u1ea1o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian UML cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u00fang. Tr\u00e1nh nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh v\u1eabn l\u00e0 kim ch\u1ec9 nam \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady.<\/p>\n

                    Sai l\u1ea7m 1: B\u1ecf qua \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng<\/h3>\n

                    C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m th\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh truy\u1ec1n t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u t\u1ee9c th\u00ec. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 bus, truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u DMA v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 ngo\u1ea1i vi t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u1ea3i t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5 \u1edf l\u1edbp v\u1eadt l\u00fd, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 logic ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m.<\/p>\n

                    Sai l\u1ea7m 2: \u0110\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/h3>\n

                    Bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t thanh duy nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean d\u00f2ng th\u1eddi gian c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 che gi\u1ea5u c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t lu\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u201c\u0110ang ch\u1edd\u201d nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn \u0111ang gi\u1eef t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean. Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa \u201cB\u1ecb ch\u1eb7n\u201d v\u00e0 \u201c\u0110ang ch\u1ea1y nh\u01b0ng \u0111ang ch\u1edd\u201d l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ebft m\u00e1y.<\/p>\n

                    Sai l\u1ea7m 3: Tr\u1ee5c th\u1eddi gian t\u0129nh<\/h3>\n

                    S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thang th\u1eddi gian c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh cho m\u1ecdi t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m. C\u00e1c ng\u1eaft x\u1ea3y ra kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00ean t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 dao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c thi thay \u0111\u1ed5i, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kho\u1ea3ng thay v\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec3m duy nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

                    Sai l\u1ea7m 4: B\u1ecf qua chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh<\/h3>\n

                    Th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 CPU chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t lu\u1ed3ng sang lu\u1ed3ng kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng. Trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 cao, chi ph\u00ed chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00edch l\u0169y l\u1ea1i, g\u00e2y ra vi ph\u1ea1m th\u1eddi gian tr\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ch\u1ebft m\u00e1y. Chi ph\u00ed n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p t\u00ednh tr\u1ee5c th\u1eddi gian.<\/p>\n

                    Nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian \ud83c\udfaf<\/h2>\n

                    Ch\u1ebft m\u00e1y trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh. Logic c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd, nh\u01b0ng tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n theo th\u1eddi gian l\u1ea1i t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh b\u1eaby. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian UML cung c\u1ea5p c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng b\u1eaby th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

                    B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch chuy\u1ec3n tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m t\u1eeb lu\u1ed3ng logic sang lu\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi gian, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3:<\/p>\n

                      \n
                    • Tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a xung \u0111\u1ed9t t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi tri\u1ec3n khai.<\/li>\n
                    • \u0110o l\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1ee7i ro b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0u ti\u00ean.<\/li>\n
                    • X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi gian r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng cho c\u00e1c giao di\u1ec7n ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m.<\/li>\n
                    • Gi\u1ea3m th\u1eddi gian g\u1ee1 l\u1ed7i b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch thu h\u1eb9p kh\u00f4ng gian t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm v\u00e0o c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                      Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p v\u1ec1 b\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u00f3 k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a mang l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. Ch\u1ebft m\u00e1y ban \u0111\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch th\u00eam b\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd ho\u1eb7c m\u00e3 nhanh h\u01a1n, m\u00e0 nh\u1edd hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian UML \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf cho s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

                      Khi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n, v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u l\u00f5i v\u00e0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u cao h\u01a1n, kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng cho sai s\u00f3t ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng thu h\u1eb9p. D\u1ef1a ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00e0o ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed t\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u1ea1y l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00ec ch\u1ebft m\u00e1y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ebfm g\u1eb7p v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh. Vi\u1ec7c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0o giai \u0111o\u1ea1n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0o ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed v\u00e0o n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

                      \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i mu\u1ed1n n\u00e2ng cao th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u00fang, vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eddi gian UML l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c. N\u00f3 n\u1ed1i li\u1ec1n kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa logic tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u1eadt l\u00fd. N\u00f3 bi\u1ebfn d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y th\u1eddi gian v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt nh\u00fang, n\u01a1i m\u1ed9t miligi\u00e2y duy nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng hay th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i, th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a th\u1eddi gian l\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n

                      H\u00e3y nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 v\u1ebd s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 tr\u00edch xu\u1ea5t nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi: \u201c\u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra n\u1ebfu t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u n\u00e0y b\u1ecb tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n?\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cLi\u1ec7u t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef l\u00e2u h\u01a1n th\u1eddi gian x\u1eed l\u00fd ng\u1eaft kh\u00f4ng?\u201d Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1p l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                      C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u00fang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng. Khi nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":569,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Th\u1eddi gian UML cho c\u00e1c S\u1eeda l\u1ed7i Ch\u1ebft m\u00e1y Nh\u00fang \u23f1\ufe0f","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"H\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Th\u1eddi gian UML \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u1ebft m\u00e1y trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u00fang. M\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt cho ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c.","fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[39,43],"class_list":["post-568","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-unified-modeling-language","tag-academic","tag-timing-diagram"],"yoast_head":"\nS\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Th\u1eddi gian UML cho c\u00e1c S\u1eeda l\u1ed7i Ch\u1ebft m\u00e1y Nh\u00fang \u23f1\ufe0f<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"H\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 Th\u1eddi gian UML \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u1ebft m\u00e1y trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u00fang. 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