{"id":564,"date":"2026-04-04T17:03:23","date_gmt":"2026-04-04T17:03:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.viz-tools.com\/vi\/common-pitfalls-uml-activity-diagrams-avoid-10-mistakes\/"},"modified":"2026-04-04T17:03:23","modified_gmt":"2026-04-04T17:03:23","slug":"common-pitfalls-uml-activity-diagrams-avoid-10-mistakes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.viz-tools.com\/vi\/common-pitfalls-uml-activity-diagrams-avoid-10-mistakes\/","title":{"rendered":"Nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng UML: Tr\u00e1nh nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i n\u00e0y 10 l\u1ea7n"},"content":{"rendered":"

S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng UML \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng trong vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a h\u00e0nh vi \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Ch\u00fang m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 lu\u1ed3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n t\u1eeb ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y sang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00e1c, cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 quy tr\u00ecnh, lu\u1ed3ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c logic ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 tinh vi. Nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh r\u01a1i v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng b\u1eaby khi\u1ebfn th\u00f4ng tin m\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 nh\u1eb1m truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t tr\u1edf n\u00ean m\u1edd nh\u1ea1t. Khi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 l\u1ed7i, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ed7i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0o l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3. M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u1ed1t cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc theo d\u00f5i h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n suy \u0111o\u00e1n logic n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ea7y l\u1ed7i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra nh\u1eefng ch\u1eadm tr\u1ec5 \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n tri\u1ec3n khai. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc, d\u1ec5 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u.<\/p>\n

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\"Line<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

1. B\u1ecf qua c\u00e1c n\u00fat Kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 K\u1ebft th\u00fac \ud83d\udd34<\/h2>\n

L\u1ed7i c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 k\u1ebft th\u00fac c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh. M\u1ed7i s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u0111\u00fang m\u1ed9t n\u00fat kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t n\u00fat k\u1ebft th\u00fac. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m neo n\u00e0y, lu\u1ed3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

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  • H\u1eadu qu\u1ea3:<\/strong> N\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh quy tr\u00ecnh b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u00f9y \u00fd. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m k\u1ebft th\u00fac r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ng\u1ee5 \u00fd h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd k\u1ebft th\u00fac, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y hi\u1ebfm khi \u0111\u00fang trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/li>\n
  • T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng:<\/strong> C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tri\u1ec3n khai c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00f2ng l\u1eb7p sai ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u00fang vi\u1ec7c t\u1eaft h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n
  • Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p:<\/strong> Lu\u00f4n \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n \u0111en \u0111\u1eadm \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n n\u00fat kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u. \u0110\u1eb7t bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00ecnh bia (h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n \u0111en b\u00ean trong m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n l\u1edbn h\u01a1n) cho n\u00fat k\u1ebft th\u00fac.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Ngay c\u1ea3 trong c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0o, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00ean h\u1ee3p l\u00fd d\u1eabn tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i k\u1ebft th\u00fac duy nh\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng ch\u1ec9 ra nhi\u1ec1u tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i k\u1ebft th\u00fac ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t. Kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ec3 lu\u1ed3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n treo l\u01a1 l\u1eedng \u1edf gi\u1eefa trang.<\/p>\n

    2. Nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn lu\u1ed3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n v\u1edbi lu\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \ud83d\udd04<\/h2>\n

    UML ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa lu\u1ed3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n (logic) v\u00e0 lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (\u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng). Vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ed9n l\u1eabn hai lo\u1ea1i m\u0169i t\u00ean n\u00e0y l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

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    • Lu\u1ed3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n:<\/strong> \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng li\u1ec1n n\u00e9t c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u m\u0169i t\u00ean m\u1ea3nh. N\u00f3 cho bi\u1ebft ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf cu\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t sau khi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh.<\/li>\n
    • Lu\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng:<\/strong> \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ea1ch ch\u1ea5m c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u m\u0169i t\u00ean m\u1ea3nh. N\u00f3 cho bi\u1ebft d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      Khi hai lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ebd m\u1ea5t \u00fd ngh\u0129a ng\u1eef ngh\u0129a. M\u1ed9t m\u0169i t\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n ng\u1ee5 \u00fd m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n, trong khi m\u0169i t\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u1ee5 \u00fd s\u1ef1 di chuy\u1ec3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n v\u1ebd m\u1ed9t m\u0169i t\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n \u1edf n\u01a1i m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ea7n di chuy\u1ec3n, b\u1ea1n \u0111ang ng\u1ee5 \u00fd m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 logic kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n v\u1ebd m\u1ed9t m\u0169i t\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1edf n\u01a1i c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t, b\u1ea1n \u0111ang ng\u1ee5 \u00fd vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u x\u1ea3y ra trong khi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3.<\/p>\n

      \u0110\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u chu\u1ea9n. D\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng li\u1ec1n cho tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ea1ch ch\u1ea5m cho chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u logic v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh so v\u1edbi ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n

      3. L\u00e0m ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c v\u1edbi qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u l\u00e0n b\u01a1i \ud83c\udfca<\/h2>\n

      C\u00e1c l\u00e0n b\u01a1i (ph\u00e2n v\u00f9ng) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 g\u00e1n c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng cho c\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, ph\u00f2ng ban ho\u1eb7c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 h\u1eefu \u00edch, ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n

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      • V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1:<\/strong> Vi\u1ec7c th\u00eam m\u1ed9t l\u00e0n b\u01a1i cho m\u1ed7i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ecf t\u1ea1o ra s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1ed9n x\u1ed9n, r\u1ed9ng, kh\u00f3 xem tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c trang duy nh\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n
      • H\u1eadu qu\u1ea3:<\/strong> Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb l\u1ea1c khi di chuy\u1ec3n trong kh\u00f4ng gian ngang. M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean b\u1ecb che khu\u1ea5t b\u1edfi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0n qu\u00e1 l\u1edbn.<\/li>\n
      • Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p:<\/strong> H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u00e1c l\u00e0n b\u01a1i ch\u1ec9 cho c\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c m\u00f4-\u0111un h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u1edbn. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia, h\u00e3y c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc chia nh\u1ecf th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng con \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean k\u1ebft b\u1edfi c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0o c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        Gom c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng li\u00ean quan l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t l\u00e0n m\u1edbi cho t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01a1n l\u1ebb. M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd, g\u1ecdn g\u00e0ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i cu\u1ed9n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n

        4. B\u1ecf qua c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u2753<\/h2>\n

        C\u00e1c n\u00fat quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i. M\u1ed9t n\u00fat quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng logic.<\/p>\n

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        • Sai l\u1ea7m:<\/strong>Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t n\u00fat quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u00e3n tr\u00ean c\u00e1c c\u1ea1nh ra th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n r\u1eb1ng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean ho\u1eb7c do c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh.<\/li>\n
        • R\u1ee7i ro:<\/strong>\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c bao ph\u1ee7 logic kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7. N\u1ebfu h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec3m quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh, n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0o k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0o.<\/li>\n
        • S\u1eeda ch\u1eefa:<\/strong>M\u1ed7i c\u1ea1nh r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi n\u00fat quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 bi\u1ec3u th\u1ee9c logic ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: [Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u0103ng nh\u1eadp], [S\u1ed1 d\u01b0 > 0]). \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 kh\u1ea3 d\u0129 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh k\u1eb9t ch\u1ebft.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          Vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebfu \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ed7i im l\u1eb7ng trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n th\u00e0nh l\u1ed7i trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ea1y. Lu\u00f4n ki\u1ec3m tra xem t\u1ed5ng c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t n\u00fat quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 bao ph\u1ee7 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng logic hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n

          5. Thi\u1ebfu b\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7 (lu\u1ed3ng ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7) \u26a0\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

          C\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o ‘con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac’\u2014t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng khi m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 di\u1ec5n ra su\u00f4n s\u1ebb. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3i x\u1eed l\u00fd l\u1ed7i.<\/p>\n

            \n
          • S\u1ef1 b\u1ecf s\u00f3t:<\/strong>Kh\u00f4ng m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra khi m\u1ed9t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e9m ra ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7 ho\u1eb7c th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n
          • T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng:<\/strong>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eadp ho\u1eb7c treo khi x\u1ea3y ra l\u1ed7i kh\u00f4ng mong mu\u1ed1n. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ng\u1ee5 \u00fd th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong khi th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 d\u0129.<\/li>\n
          • Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p:<\/strong>Bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7. Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 ho\u1eb7c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch v\u1ebd c\u00e1c c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh nh\u00e3n v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7 (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: [L\u1ed7i: H\u1ebft th\u1eddi gian]).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            M\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i l\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch cho s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. N\u1ebfu k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00ean th\u1eed l\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o cho qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb vi\u00ean. C\u00e1c con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 tri\u1ec3n khai t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n

            6. Song song m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 (Fork\/Join) \ud83e\udd1d<\/h2>\n

            C\u00e1c n\u00fat Fork v\u00e0 Join \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi. Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng sai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n

              \n
            • N\u00fat Fork:<\/strong>Chia m\u1ed9t lu\u1ed3ng th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u lu\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u1ea1nh ra \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi.<\/li>\n
            • N\u00fat Join:<\/strong>G\u1ed9p nhi\u1ec1u lu\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi. Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea1i n\u00fat Join ch\u1ec9 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u khi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3<\/em>c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh.<\/li>\n
            • Sai l\u1ea7m:<\/strong>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t ph\u00e9p g\u1ed9p \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n (n\u00fat quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh) thay v\u00ec n\u00fat Join, ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng kh\u1edbp m\u1ed7i n\u00fat Fork v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t n\u00fat Join t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng.<\/li>\n
            • H\u1eadu qu\u1ea3:<\/strong>\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng c\u1ea1nh tranh khi m\u1ed9t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u00eda sau b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y k\u1eb9t ch\u1ebft n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t n\u00fat Join ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed7i n\u00fat Fork \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t n\u00fat Join t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng. N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1ea1y \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, ch\u00fang ph\u1ea3i h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 h\u00f3a c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c sang giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ti\u1ebfp theo. T\u00ednh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t tr\u1ef1c quan l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u then ch\u1ed1t \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y; \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ebb \u0111i qua n\u00fat Join \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

              7. Quy t\u1eafc \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean k\u00e9m hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \ud83c\udff7\ufe0f<\/h2>\n

              Nh\u00e3n tr\u00ean c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 c\u1ea1nh l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n th\u00f4ng tin ch\u00ednh. Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n s\u1ebd ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3.<\/p>\n

                \n
              • V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1:<\/strong>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef chung nh\u01b0 \u201cTh\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n,\u201d \u201cL\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3,\u201d ho\u1eb7c \u201cKi\u1ec3m tra.\u201d Nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng cung c\u1ea5p b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 th\u00f4ng tin n\u00e0o v\u1ec1 thao t\u00e1c th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/li>\n
              • Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n:<\/strong>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb-danh t\u1eeb cho c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u201cX\u00e1c th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng,\u201d \u201cT\u1ea1o b\u00e1o c\u00e1o\u201d). S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u00e3n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn cho c\u00e1c c\u1ea1nh (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: [H\u1ee3p l\u1ec7], [Kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7]).<\/li>\n
              • L\u1ee3i \u00edch:<\/strong>\u0110\u1eb7t t\u00ean ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c gi\u00fap s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o. M\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ecdc s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00ean hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c logic m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                S\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n c\u0169ng g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e1n nh\u00e3n \u1edf th\u00ec hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00e1c \u1edf th\u00ec qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c. H\u00e3y duy tr\u00ec m\u1ed9t th\u00ec v\u00e0 phong c\u00e1ch duy nh\u1ea5t trong to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

                8. \u0110\u1ed9 chi ti\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n \ud83d\udccf<\/h2>\n

                \u0110\u1ed9 chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 chi ti\u1ebft b\u00ean trong m\u1ed9t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. Vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ed9n l\u1eabn c\u00e1c t\u00f3m t\u1eaft c\u1ea5p cao v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc chi ti\u1ebft trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ebd g\u00e2y nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn.<\/p>\n

                  \n
                • T\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng:<\/strong>M\u1ed9t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 \u201cX\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng\u201d (t\u00f3m t\u1eaft c\u1ea5p cao), trong khi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng li\u1ec1n k\u1ec1 l\u00e0 \u201cNh\u1ea5n n\u00fat A\u201d (chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ea5p th\u1ea5p).<\/li>\n
                • V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1:<\/strong>\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea1m vi c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. N\u00fat \u201cX\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng\u201d ng\u1ee5 \u00fd m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh con, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu chi ti\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao g\u1ed3m.<\/li>\n
                • C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn:<\/strong>Duy tr\u00ec m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 chi ti\u1ebft nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n. N\u1ebfu \u201cX\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng\u201d l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u00fat, th\u00ec n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng trong m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 con ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i n\u00ean hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea5p cao ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc chi ti\u1ebft, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean tr\u1ed9n c\u1ea3 hai l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                  M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 chi ti\u1ebft tr\u1ed9n l\u1eabn bu\u1ed9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc ph\u1ea3i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh t\u01b0 duy. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 d\u00f2ng hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o.<\/p>\n

                  9. B\u1ecf qua c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \ud83d\udce6<\/h2>\n

                  C\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u01b0\u1eddng thao t\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. B\u1ecf qua c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7.<\/p>\n

                    \n
                  • Chi ti\u1ebft:<\/strong>M\u1ed9t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea3i \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c.<\/li>\n
                  • L\u1ed7i:<\/strong>V\u1ebd lu\u1ed3ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ghi ch\u00fa c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tham gia.<\/li>\n
                  • Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p:<\/strong>S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c n\u00fat \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb n\u01a1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra ho\u1eb7c ti\u00eau th\u1ee5. G\u1eafn c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: [tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i = ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng]) v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m r\u00f5 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                    Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ng\u1ee5 \u00fd r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tham gia quy tr\u00ecnh. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. Vi\u1ec7c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o logic ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh \u0111\u00fang y\u00eau c\u1ea7u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n

                    10. B\u1ecf qu\u00ean lu\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0o\/ra \ud83d\udce5\ud83d\udce4<\/h2>\n

                    C\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ea7u ra. Vi\u1ec7c b\u1ecf qua c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng n\u00e0y s\u1ebd t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 kh\u1ecfi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n

                      \n
                    • L\u1ed7i sai:<\/strong> Ch\u1ec9 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb lu\u1ed3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n (logic) m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb d\u1eef li\u1ec7u di chuy\u1ec3n gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/li>\n
                    • H\u1eadu qu\u1ea3:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ed9i ng\u0169 tri\u1ec3n khai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u1ea7n truy\u1ec1n bi\u1ebfn n\u00e0o gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c h\u00e0m ho\u1eb7c module.<\/li>\n
                    • S\u1eeda ch\u1eefa:<\/strong> X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u00e1c n\u00fat \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o cho c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u00fat \u0111\u1ea7u ra t\u1eeb ch\u00fang. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o n\u00ean b\u1ee9c tranh to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3 lu\u1ed3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                      Khi m\u1ed9t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, n\u00fat \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea7u ra c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i m\u1edbi. S\u1ef1 minh b\u1ea1ch n\u00e0y gi\u00fap thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 quy tr\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

                      T\u00f3m t\u1eaft c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/h2>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
                      L\u1ed7i<\/th>\nT\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00ednh<\/th>\nS\u1eeda ch\u1eefa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
                      Thi\u1ebfu n\u00fat B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u\/K\u1ebft th\u00fac<\/td>\nGi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n quy tr\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/td>\nTh\u00eam n\u00fat ban \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 n\u00fat cu\u1ed1i<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                      Nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn gi\u1eefa lu\u1ed3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 lu\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/td>\nHi\u1ec3u nh\u1ea7m v\u1ec1 logic v\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/td>\nS\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng li\u1ec1n cho \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ea1ch ch\u1ea5m cho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                      Qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u l\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/td>\nR\u1ed1i m\u1eaft v\u1ec1 th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/td>\nH\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf l\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 cho c\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                      Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ki\u1ec3m tra tr\u00ean c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/td>\nLogic nh\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng<\/td>\nG\u00e1n nh\u00e3n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ea7u ra<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                      Kh\u00f4ng x\u1eed l\u00fd ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7<\/td>\nKh\u00f4ng chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng<\/td>\nBao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn l\u1ed7i<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                      Sai l\u1ec7ch gi\u1eefa Fork v\u00e0 Join<\/td>\n\u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ea1nh tranh ho\u1eb7c k\u1eb9t ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh<\/td>\nPh\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p m\u1ed7i \u0111i\u1ec3m fork v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m join<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                      T\u00ean g\u1ecdi k\u00e9m<\/td>\nThi\u1ebfu r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m<\/td>\nS\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb-danh t\u1eeb<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                      \u0110\u1ed9 chi ti\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n<\/td>\nS\u1ef1 nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea1m vi<\/td>\nTi\u00eau chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 chi ti\u1ebft<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                      B\u1ecf qua c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/td>\nC\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7<\/td>\nTh\u00eam c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec1 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                      Thi\u1ebfu lu\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/td>\nM\u00f4 h\u00ecnh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u1ecb t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi<\/td>\nHi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ra<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

                      C\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a s\u1ea1ch<\/h2>\n

                      Tr\u00e1nh sai l\u1ea7m ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn. Vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u00f3 k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec l\u00e2u d\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

                        \n
                      • Tinh ch\u1ec9nh theo t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc:<\/strong> \u0110\u1eebng mong \u0111\u1ee3i b\u1ea3n nh\u00e1p \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o. T\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n ph\u00e1c th\u1ea3o th\u00f4, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 tinh ch\u1ec9nh chi ti\u1ebft.<\/li>\n
                      • Ki\u1ec3m tra t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n:<\/strong> Th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 theo c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c n\u00fat \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh nh\u00e3n ch\u01b0a? T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i ch\u01b0a?<\/li>\n
                      • H\u1ee3p t\u00e1c:<\/strong> H\u00e3y \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3. M\u1ed9t c\u1eb7p m\u1eaft m\u1edbi th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7 b\u1ecb thi\u1ebfu ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c nh\u00e3n g\u00e2y nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn.<\/li>\n
                      • T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111i k\u00e8m v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap c\u00e1c b\u00ean li\u00ean quan hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                        B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n bi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n ph\u00e1c th\u1ea3o \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd. Ch\u00fang tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady, \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng cho c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n

                        K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3<\/h2>\n

                        Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. M\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft m\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ed7i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau tr\u00ean, b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng logic \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u minh b\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ranh gi\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh. S\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn chi ti\u1ebft n\u00e0y gi\u00fap ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m th\u1eddi gian trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tri\u1ec3n khai v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u r\u1ee7i ro l\u1ed7i nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng trong s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng. H\u00e3y t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u00f3m.<\/p>\n

                        H\u00e3y nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u s\u1ed1ng. Khi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i, c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Vi\u1ec7c duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u00fang v\u1eabn l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean qu\u00fd gi\u00e1 trong su\u1ed1t v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                        S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng UML \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng trong vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a h\u00e0nh vi \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Ch\u00fang m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 lu\u1ed3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n t\u1eeb ho\u1ea1t…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":565,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_title":"10 sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng UML c\u1ea7n tr\u00e1nh \ud83d\udeab","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"H\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch tr\u00e1nh 10 l\u1ed7i nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng UML. N\u00e2ng cao \u0111\u1ed9 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, lu\u1ed3ng logic v\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn chuy\u00ean gia n\u00e0y.","fifu_image_url":"","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[39,44],"class_list":["post-564","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-unified-modeling-language","tag-academic","tag-activity-diagram"],"yoast_head":"\n10 sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng UML c\u1ea7n tr\u00e1nh \ud83d\udeab<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"H\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch tr\u00e1nh 10 l\u1ed7i nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng trong s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng UML. 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